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The Development Of Afro American Music In A Colonial Era
African American music and slavery
African influence on American music
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Before the musical team of Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake, it was rare for a black entertainer to gain acceptance along the “Great White Way,” also known as Broadway. The duo obtained unparalleled success, and reopened the door for black performers on the Broadway stage during the early 1920s. At the end of World War I, African American culture was prospering in Harlem, and the country was tentatively sampling the black rhythms of jazz. However, Sissle and Blake’s 1921 production Shuffle Along became the first black production on Broadway since 1910. The collaborators presented a succession of songs, dances, and sketches that were attuned to the new musical sounds of the day, which broke through the color bar on Broadway. Shuffle Along inspired …show more content…
Sissle and Blake remain one of the most prominent musical pairs in musical theatre history.
The jazz pianist and composer James Hubert "Eubie" Blake was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1883. The son of former slaves, he began organ lessons at the age of six and was soon creating the tunes he heard in his mother's Baptist church. While still in his teens, Blake began to play in the ragtime style, which was popular in Baltimore sporting houses and saloons due to its syncopated rhythms (Kantor, 86). Without the knowledge of his parents, Blake worked in Aggie Shelton's bordello at age fifteen, entertaining customers with classics and popular rags such as Michigan Frog’s “Hello, Ma Ragtime Gal” and Charles Harris “After the Ball.” With little interest in school, Blake decided to become a full time musician, and at age sixteen performed professionally in a Baltimore nightclub. In 1899 he composed his first piano rag later titled the “Charleston Rag” (Gale). The piano roll of "Charleston Rag", observed Mark Tucker in “Ellington the Early Years”, “features a walking bass in broken octaves, flashy appreciated breaks, chromatic seventh chords, and certain rhythmic tricks.” In
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Back in America the pair broke up in 1927, since Blake wanted to return to the U.S., and Sissle hoped to pursue opportunities in France's jazz scene. In October of the same year, Blake organized a new act with Broadway Jones for the Keith circuit. After launching the show Shuffle Along Jr. in 1928, Blake earned $250 a week with the 1930 production of Lew Leslie's Blackbirds, billed as “Glorifying the American Negro (Rose).” Songwriter Cole Porter helped Sissle put together a band of top jazz artists that included clarinetist Sidney Bechet. Touring with this group as a singer, Sissle remained in Europe for years, sometimes returning to the U.S. for brief performances. Sissle and Blake reunited for the Broadway show Shuffle Along of 1933; it was less successful than its 1921 production but inspired another significant career, of Nat "King" Cole, who performed on keyboards
Rhythm and Blues also known as R&B has become one of the most identifiable art-forms of the 20th Century, with an enormous influence on the development of both the sound and attitude of modern music. The history of R&B series of box sets investigates the accidental synthesis of Jazz, Gospel, Blues, Ragtime, Latin, Country and Pop into a definable from of Black music. The hardship of segregation caused by the Jim Crow laws caused a cultural revolution within Afro-American society. In the 1900s, as a method of self-expression in the southern states, the Blues gradually became a form of public entertainment in juke joints and dance halls picking up new rhythm along the way. In 1910, nearly five million African Americans left the south for the
Black people were disenfranchised and to make it in the industry, they turned to music.
... John, Fred Ebb, and Greg Lawrence. "Chicago on Broadway." Colored Lights: Forty Years of Words and Music, Show Biz, Collaboration, and All That Jazz. New York: Faber and Faber, 2003. 119-40. Google Books. Web. 1 May 2014.
Art Menius said, “The African-American music of the rural south provided the source for gospel, jazz, and blues, while the often ignored black contribution to country music and hillbilly music went far beyond providing the banjo and Charley Pride.” In 1928, A.P. Carter, the patriarch of the legendary Carter Family, the first family of country music, met a blues guitarist by the name of Lesley “Esley” Riddle. Lesley Riddle had created a unique picking and sliding technique on the guitar while he was recovering from an accident on the job. The Carter Family was looking for a new sound of music, and they were so overwhelmed by the sound that Lesley produced, they wanted him to teach them how to play that way. Lesley Riddle influenced Maybelle Carter’s style of guitar playing called the “Carter Scratch,” which became legendary. According to birthplaceofcountrymusic.org, Riddle’s influe...
Music nurtured the African American tradition and their struggle towards equality in the same century.... ... middle of paper ... ... Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds Pub. Carter, D. (2009).
Musical theatre is a type of theatrical performance combining music, dance, acting and spoken dialogue. Written by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim, ‘West Side Story’ is a classic American musical based on William Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’. The through-composed score and lyrics are used to portray different characters and their cultures, the rivalry between the Jets and Sharks, and the emotions felt as the story progresses. This essay will be exploring the music and how effective the score is in realising the world and characters of the musical. Furthermore, it will discuss how Bernstein and Sondheim relate characters’ diverse ethnicities to particular musical ideas and motifs.
After Europe's death, Sissle and Blake were encouraged by his manager and the backers of the band to enter the white vaudeville circuit. There were very few black performers besides Sissle and Blake on what was known as the Keith circuit, and never more than one act at the same venue because only one African-American act was included in each show. Sissle and Blake, who billed themselves as "The Dixie Duo," were eventually highly successful.
According to Albert Murray, the African-American musical tradition is “fundamentally stoical yet affirmative in spirit” (Star 3). Through the medium of the blues, African-Americans expressed a resilience of spirit which refused to be crippled by either poverty or racism. It is through music that the energies and dexterities of black American life are sounded and expressed (39). For the black culture in this country, the music of Basie or Ellington expressed a “wideawake, forward-tending” rhythm that one can not only dance to but live by (Star 39).
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was born on April 29, 1899 in Washington D.C. His mother Daisy, surrounded Edward with her very polite friends which taught him to have respect and manners for people. After a while his friends started beginning to notice his politeness and his dapper style and gave him the nickname “duke.” When Ellington was seven years old he started taking piano lessons and found his love for music, although his love for baseball was more potent at the time. Ellington recalls President Roosevelt coming by on his horse at times and watching the boys play baseball. Ellington wound up getting his first job selling peanuts at baseball games. While working at the Soda Jerk in the Poodle Café in the summer of 1914, Ellington wrote his first composition and called the piece “Soda Fountain Rag”, he created it by ear because he had not yet learned how to write or read the music. Ellington recalls playing the “Soda Fountain Rag” as a one-step, two-step, waltz tango and fox trait, he said, “listeners never knew it was the same piece. I was established as having my own repertoire.” In Ellington’s autobiography, Music is my Mistress (1973), Ellington wrote about missing more piano lessons than he had attended because he felt that at the time playing piano wasn’t his talent and that he wasn’t very good at it. At the age of fourteen Ellington started sneaking into Frank Holiday's Poolroom. After hearing the poolro...
By the end of World War I, Black Americans were facing their lowest point in history since slavery. Most of the blacks migrated to the northern states such as New York and Chicago. It was in New York where the “Harlem Renaissance” was born. This movement with jazz was used to rid of the restraints held against African Americans. One of the main reasons that jazz was so popular was that it allowed the performer to create the rhythm. With This in Mind performers realized that there could no...
Rag time as it is most commonly know was the type of fast paced music played around 1885 in St. Louis. Scott Joplin was born in 1868 and lived until 1917, but has done a lot in his life span. He was one of the first African Americans to be know as a composer. Born in Texarkana, Texas to a large family with musical background, he began learning to play the guitar and beagle, and gained free piano lessons by showing such fast progression to his teachers. After death of his mother, he left the house at age fourteen. He learned much form traveling through Mississippi playing in local spots and learning form what was offered to him. In 1885 he arrived in St. Louis, at the time a center for a new music phenomenon called ragtime.
As Martin Van Peebles describes, “Outside of being required to mug it up, the Negro entertainers were encouraged to do their routines, strut their stuff, to sing and dance their hearts out.” Many early Hollywood films included music that had its roots
The beginning of racism in the music industry began only 13 years after the creation of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Recorded sound was still pretty new at the time, but it didn’t take long for record companies to form: Berliner, Edison, and Columbia, all of which functioned under the plan that the artist didn’t matter, but the song did. Under this plan, companies skipped over the talent from stage and focused on finding anyone who could carry a turn and had good diction. By the 1890’s, they “had established a cadre of profession white recorders” that “could reproduce works of African American performers with “authentic” dialect”. This group of white singers were grouped together and made to sound like black artists
As it mentioned above, the title itself, draws attention to the world-renowned music created by African Americans in the 1920s’ as well as to the book’s jazz-like narrative structure and themes. Jazz is the best-known artistic creation of Harlem Renaissance. “Jazz is the only pure American creation, which shortly after its birth, became America’s most important cultural export”(Ostendorf, 165). It evolved from the blues
Powell, A. (2007). The Music of African Americans and its Impact on the American Culture in the 1960’s and the 1970’s. Miller African Centered Academy, 1. Retrieved from http://www.chatham.edu/pti/curriculum/units/2007/Powell.pdf