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The rise and fall of feudalism in Europe
The rise and fall of feudalism in Europe
The rise and fall of feudalism in Europe
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In accordance to the provided historical context and documented records, it can be seen that serfdom in Europe can be traced back to the eleventh century, which is a revelation in itself as the idea of Serfdom was a popular socio-political movement of the time. Serfdom was a type of Feudalism that spanned throughout most of Europe, in the medieval period in the West until the renaissance, but there was an incline in the practice in Central and Eastern Europe, in a phenomenon known as the later serfdom. In the case of the East, the abolishment of serfdom in the area did not occur until 1861. Unfortunately, by the time it had been abolished countries in the east such as Russia had turned the bond between serf and master in a masked form of Slavery, …show more content…
The culture was quite simple as it was based around village life, the many seasons within the agricultural year, the folklore of the lands, and the church, which had gained a strong-hold of all the classes of the era. Surprisingly, the church had little impact on the peasant classes as most were considered illiterate, and had little time to delve into the culture outside of their own factual rituals, which were rather fast, but the people of the lower-classes were rather superstitious, which means that the peasant classes were genuinely not very religious. The Serfs, would and could be conscripted and sent off to war in the place of their lords, which was a common accordance in such feudal systems. From the historical analysis provided, it can be seen that male serfs were often conscripted as a form of punishment for “insubordination” as it led to a charge that bettered the standing of the lord and dehumanised the serf. Subsequently, in the agrarian-based serf society, women were the ones at a disadvantage as their lords would use them as a commodity, in such means as reproduction to increase revenue. Consequently, the serf women were treated in a similar means as the Europeans treated the women from African societies (which diminished the concept of human right in favour of slave labour and
The African slave lost their humanity from the very moment they boarded the European slave
Davis addresses various important factors in a peasant’s life. She highlights many components of peasant society, including their social classes and how their society values property in different ways. Davis also includes the peasants’ culture. She elaborates on the importance of children and the consequences of not being able to produce children. She also explains typical marriage procedures and customs. Lastly, Davis talks about some of the laws and common uses of the judicial system by peasants. By incorporating these factors into her book Davis is successful at recreating life for peasants in France during the sixteenth century.
Even if the ill-treatments did not manifest into physical or verbal abuse, the servants were exposed to crude surroundings. Among many factors included being malnourished, sleep deprivation, and/or overburden with hard manual labor. The indentured servants were treated like property instead of hard-working human beings. They could be bought and sold at any time.
During the era of 1450-1750 CE, the characteristics of human slavery throughout the world started as a system of assistance gained from the capturing of enemy soldiers and adopting them into the victors society, but changed to a large trafficking business reaching overseas, and then to inherited positions gained from being born into slavery. However, throughout this time period, slavery continued to center in Africa and the Middle East, and remained a prime source of human labor in every society, due to their ability to be easily obtained and cheaply managed. Before the Atlantic Slave Trade, most slaves were acquired through capturing soldiers and citizens following a military skirmage, and were not viewed as the lowest class of citizens.
The life of the peasant is a series of ritual occasions, planting and harvesting, being born, coming of age, begetting, dying. . . . All are one family, interrelated if not in this generation, in the last or the next. All give unquestioned obedience to the great mother goddess, the earth mother, who can easily be made to wear a Christian
One of the reasons the serfs led an uprise against the government in the early 1520s was a wanting for economic equality. In a letter written from a Count to a Duke, describes the attacks the peasants were planning and executing in which they attacked the houses of the nobility (Doc 11). The peasants started with the most wealthy individuals and stealing possessions from wealthy areas (like consuming all that was available in the monasteries) and then continued to attack other rick noblemen is descending order of wealth. This systematic approach of attacking the wealthy, and the wealthiest first, shows the dislike by the peasants for the economic system at the time. In addition, in an article written by peasants, called Twelve Articles of the Swabian Peasants, the peasants demanded better compensations for the services they provided their lords (Doc 2). They believed that they were being severely underpaid and were suffering conditions almost equal of that to a slave. They believe that they are simply demanding what is, in their opinion, just. On another instance, in 1525, in a letter written to the Archbishop of Wurzburg by an unknown source, the peasants demand a wealth redistribution (Doc 8). Lorenz Fries, the chief advisor to the Archbishop, discusses that the secret lett...
There were a number of different reasons why the population of indentured servants had decreased. For whatever reason, indentured servitude was a form of labor that was declining, and the need for labor increased rapidly. African-American labor was beginning to be more valuable than white labor. African laborers were beginning to be looked at as property, as well as being treated that way. By the 1660’s, the status of the African as an indentured servant was gone.
In the Middle Ages, three distinctive kinds of peasants existed: the serfs, slaves and the freemen. However, the majority of the peasant society consisted of the serfs (Gilberts para. 1). Serfs made up only half of the population for peasants in the 14th century, but during the mid-11th century, an astounding ninety percent of peasants, in distinct areas, were attributed to serfs. A serf was under the command of his lord and had to abide by his rules (Singman 8). He then contained absolutely no political rights (Gilberts para. 2). Alike the serfs, slaves were permitted to be sold and purchased, but, in fact, buyers of serfs did not have full ownership over them (Singman 8). If a serf happened to flee and stay hidden and unrestricted for a total of one year, he could then declare himself a freeman (Gilberts para. 2). Freemen were, indeed, permitted to roam around at liberty and own tiny pieces of land (Gilberts para. 1).
The slave proprietors would regard the slaves as though they were not human, and many slaves
The need to abolish serfdom was a persistent and, according to Mosse writing in 1958, biggest problem in Russian society since the reign of Peter the Great. All the problems of Russian Empire stemmed from serfdom and would automatically be solved with its removal .
Feudalism is a system of land ownership and duties that were used in the Middle Ages. Under feudalism, all the land in a kingdom was the king's. However, the king would give some of his land to the lords or nobles who fought for him. Rulers in all society wanted to create law and order and ensure that people make good use of the society’s resources. That is why feudalism was created. Monarchs had to accept limits on their own personal power. They also needed to respond to expectations that other groups in society have a say in decision-making. People began to use medieval courts for problems that had previously been solved by trial by combat.
Slaves have always contested their capture and enslavement, on various levels. Some fought back in small ways and others paid with their lives to oppose being made into property. Although slavery has been incorporated in every culture and some form of slavery existed among all ethnicities and nations, Europeans were exceptionally cruel and barbaric in their form of slavery being race based when involving Africans and people of colour. They [Europeans and European decedents] especially Americans, created and mastered a science of enslavement, attacking both the body and mind, while profiting and damaging generations and generations of its slave victims.
The ‘Proclamation of Serfs’ given at Saint Petersburg on March 3, 1861 by Alexander II, states “[Peasants] should understand that by acquiring property and greater freedom to dispose of their possessions, they have an obligation to society and to themselves to live up to the letter of the new law by a loyal and judicious use of the rights which are now granted to them.” He adds: “We confidently expect that the freed serfs, on the eve of a new future which is opening to them, will appreciate and recognize the considerable sacrifices which the nobility has made on their behalf.”
Following the murder of George Floyd, nationwide protests began to emerge, demanding racial equality. During this period, student-athletes at the University of Texas at Austin began to protest for the replacement of the school's spirit song, “The Eyes of Texas”. The athletes cited the song’s racist connotations. These protests sparked discourse among faculty and students regarding the history of racism within the university. Therefore, to examine the sociopolitical nature of “The Eyes of Texas”, one must understand its history and its connection to concepts of race relations, white privilege and anti-blackness within the University of Texas.
Slaves were deprived of basic human rights based on the notion that they were a genetically inferior race and that the natural order of the universe placed them in a position to serve those above them. These fallacious attempts at justifying slavery have been proven wrong. The only significant biological difference between an african slave and their american slave owner is the melanin content in their skin. Most American societies, however, were based on this flawed theory, that slaves were of an inferior race. This proved to be very unhealthy to the society.