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Gender role stereotypes in cultures
Gender role stereotypes in cultures
Adolescent development challenges
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Self-esteem is an individual’s general positive and negative self-evaluation.
Adolescents, become increasingly accurate in understanding who they are (their self-concept), which permits them to see themselves fully. It is what they do with these perceptions that leads them to develop a sense of their self-esteem. Self-esteem is influenced by a many factors including race and gender. Developmentalists who believe it’s the combination of race and gender, coined the term ethgender, referring to the joint influence of race and gender. I am researching ethgender in relation to self-esteem in adolescence. Research questions would include: do males have a higher self-esteem than females? Which ethnicity has reported for having the highest self-esteem? Are the differences in self-esteem
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Morris Rosenberg, measures global self-esteem in adolescents. Global self-esteem refers to our overall self-worth and the Rosenberg scale measures this core self-esteem. Rosenberg used this scale in studying specific racial groups and he did not find any significant differences in levels of global self-esteem. The scale also is used to examine differences between genders. According to Rosenberg, the self-concept is comprised of parts organized in hierarchical and complex ways. The global self-concept and the groups "... exist within the individual 's phenomenal field as separate and distinguishable entities, and each can and should be studied in their own right." The article “The Relation Of Age, Gender, Ethnicity, And Risk Behaviors To Self-Esteem Among Students In Nonmainstream Schools” uses a version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in order to measure students ' self-esteem. The scale includes ten items rated on a 4-point scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree." The scores range from 10 to 40, with 40 as the highest level of self-esteem. The scale has been reported as a reliable
Hesse-Biber, S. N., Howling, S. A., Leavy, P., & Lovejoy, M. (March 2004). Racial Identity and the Development of Body Image Issues among African American Adolescent Girls. The Qualitative Report, 9(1), 49-79.
1.)Stereotypes and racism have always been an issue in this and many other societies.Teenagers are commonly the most impacted by stereotypes, not unlike most teens at Point Loma High School. To further analyze this, my class read “How a Self-Fulfilling Stereotype Can Drag Down Performance” by Shankar Vedantam, a science correspondent for NPR. In his informative article, Vedantam discusses how research proves that self-fulfilling stereotypes can drag down many individuals’ performance. He supports his claim by presenting statistics such as “When black people and white people answered 10 vocabulary questions posed by a white interviewer, blacks on average answered 5.49 questions correctly and whites answered 6.33 correctly”, and talking about how black students tend to score better on tests that are administered by other blacks, and finally explaining how all students’ performance increases when they are not reminded of their race/gender before beginning a test. Vedantam’s purpose is to inform the audience about the negatives of reminding students of their race before a test in an effort to prevent poor performance and boost test scores. Upon reading this, my class has decided to carry out a research project about the stereotypes at our school, and how they affect a variety of students.
It has been said that the physical variations in the human species have no meaning except the social one that humans put on them. Society has placed stigmas on race dating all the way back to the 1600s. Still in the 21st century the American society is still trying to work through racial boundaries. With such stigmas being placed on them, biracial individuals often self-identify or be identified by others differently, depending on the social context. A biracial individual’s racial identity development is contingent upon many factors, both internal and external. With the dramatic increase in the number of individuals with a bi or multiracial background it is important for us to recognize the complexity of the racial identity development of this culture. It is critical to understand the hardships as well as the advantages of being biracial, to help them avoid any negative behaviors which could yield lifelong consequences. The healthy development of one’s racial identity is imperative for a biracial child to be able to achieve and maintain a positive psychological and social adjustment throughout the lifespan.
Adolescences has always been the most crucial time for developing identity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between racial identity development of African American adolescents and the role of education. This paper will discuss the effects race has on identity and adolescent development. Following, it will compare students education from a racial perspective and the lasting effects after adolescence.
They hypothesized that parasocial relationships offer low self-esteem people an opportunity to feel closer to their ideal selves. Through the Rosenberg test, Undergraduate psychology students aged 19- 22 were evaluated in their level of self-esteem. Then, they were asked to identify their favorite celebrity and if they felt closest to celebrities who were similar to their ideal self. They found that greater similarity between the celebrity and their ideal self was associated with lower self-esteem.
Snowman, J, McGowan, R, & Biehler, R. (2009). Psychology applied to teaching. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Adolescence is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, commonly occurs amongst individuals aged between 12 to 18 years (Hoffnung et al., 2016, p. 350). It is a developmental period characterised by hormonal changes that result from the onset of puberty, which is defined by the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics, such as growth of body hair and deepening voices in males, and breast development and menstruation in females (Jones & Creedy, 2012, p. 28). The timing in the onset of puberty differs in gender, girls generally reach pubertal development at an earlier age than boys (on average 13 years old for girls, and 14 years old for boys). In addition, environmental variables also influence the timing of puberty. For example,
Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’s life.
Many studies have been conducted on the importance of self-esteem in children and young adults...
Stevenson, H. (1995). Relationship of Adolescent Perceptions of Racial Socialisation to Racial Identity. Journal of Black Psychology. DOI: 10.1177/00957984950211005
Self-esteem is critical evaluation of ones self, resulting in negative or positive thoughts about oneself (Decker, 2010; Kaya & Saçkes, 2004). The way an individual see’s themselves is imprortant in regards to how they behave and the daily decisions they make (Hamarta, 2004). With regards to adolelescents, self esteem is of particular importance, influencing every day decisions that can have a life long impact (Person & Year, 2007). Self esteem can be defined on the basis of the way one sees themselves. In this view of self esteem, there must be a reference point with which the individual compares themelves to although the view of themselves may be positive or negative with respect to that particular reference ppoint. In positive self-esteem the individual is satisified with the way he or she is and thus views themselves favorably with respect to that particular reference point. In contrast, in negative self-esteem, the individual fails to meet this ideal point of reference of how they should be externally (Decker, 2010).
A person’s self-esteem affects whom he or she chooses to associate with, and how they look at different social groups. This is important because then depending on our level of self-esteem, it essentially tells us how we choose to associate with certain groups and not others, or that we choose to not choose at all. This affects how the population develops relationships with one another. Those who think more highly of themselves (in terms of aspects such as race, socioeconomic status, intelligence, etc.) tend to be very protective of those within their social group, and discriminatory against those who are not, so it is harder as a society to develop relationships unless someone meets certain qualities. This could lead to conflict amongst social groups.
Parenting is the supporting of physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Raising a child takes a lot of time, patient, and consistency. The one and the most difficult growth of childhood is teenagers. There are the most difficult people to cope with because of the different emotions and their belligerent behavior. Many parents wonder why teenagers behave the way he or she do. For me going through that stage of age, I question myself what make teenagers act out and behave in such incomprehensible moods and behavior. Is it nature or nurture? Is it the household they live in? Is it hormones? PBS Frontline take a look in the brain of teenage along with scientist who exploring the neurological access of a teenager to answer the behavioral mood. The video and the research study should be able to help change the parental skills, teach, and understand a teenager.
My physical development was not so difficult for me. I experienced the growth spurt when I was10 to 15-years old. I didn’t think it was difficult time for me because my range of growth spurt was not so large. Additionally, I did not belong to sports club, so I did not feel uncomfortable when I move my body. I think I am a late bloomer because I have never had boyfriend. But I think it is advantage for me because I am not a “boy-crazy”. I know some friends who are early bloomer and being “boy-crazy”, I do not want to be like them. I have my own interest and I have something what I want to do besides dating with boys. My physical developments have some effects on my character of today. I think it is because I was taller than others since very young, my friends often said to me “you are like my elder sister.” This phrase makes me think that I need to be like elder sister when I was child. It is related to more about psychological development, but this way of thinking came from my height. One of other physical development related issue that makes me struggle is my period. Every time I am in period, I have pain in stomach and back; I feel sleepy, hungry, and irritating; and I have skin problems. I think there are more people who have more heavy symptoms of period, however, sometimes I cannot endure these. My physical developments have some effects on me, but it was not so difficult for me to pass through.
1. What was your adolescence like? How would you describe it? Summarize your experiences as you made this passage through life.