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Key aspects of •Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
The influence of self assessed body image on self esteem and confidence
Key aspects of •Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
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Case Study # 1 Adolescent Development 1. From a developmental standpoint, how might we explain Ashley’s preoccupation with her appearance? In 1967, Dr. David Elkind defined adolescent egocentrism as adolescents’ believing that everyone around them is as concerned about their appearance as they are. He reported that adolescents tend to relax with this idealism the older they get (Schwartz, Maynard, Uzelac page 441). Though the case study scenario depicts a younger student, the example it provides is relevant to the study. In chapter 2, Ericksons definition of identity is described as, “being at home with ones body” (Snowman, McGowan, & Biehler, 2009). He also points out that adolescents can enter into role confusion and if they are unable to identify a sense of self. Being an adolescent is a difficult time. In the case study Ashley is so concerned with her appearance and how her peers see her that she is constantly late for class which lands her in a debate class. In chapter 3, that middle school students typically conform to what their peers are doing. Ashley is only 14 so she hasn’t quite developed a sense of self in regards to her appearance, and she is acting in a way that most of her peers are probably behaving. 2. From Piaget’s perspective, in which stage of cognitive development is Ashley? Explain your answer. It’s stated in the text, that with Piagets stages, children may use an advanced form of thinking for one problem but may resort back to less sophisticated form for another. The text also indicates that some psychologist consider Piagets stages to be overlapping(Snowman, McGowan, & Biehler, 2009). In this circumstance Ashley is very inflexible from her point of view and is unable to hear Mr. Wri... ... middle of paper ... ... hypothetical peer conversations to approximately 5,881 adolescents from the three stages of adolescents. The overall findings of the study do not support the idea that adolescents are critical of each others beliefs. Schwartz, P., Maynard, A., & Uzelac, S. (2008). ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM: A CONTEMPORARY VIEW. Adolescence, 43(171), 441-448. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Snowman, J, McGowan, R, & Biehler, R. (2009). Psychology applied to teaching. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Works Cited Schwartz, P., Maynard, A., & Uzelac, S. (2008). ADOLESCENT EGOCENTRISM: A CONTEMPORARY VIEW. Adolescence, 43(171), 441-448. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Snowman, J, McGowan, R, & Biehler, R. (2009). Psychology applied to teaching. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
During this stage, Erikson believes that the individual’s successful identity formation relies on social, cognitive and physical maturation (Pittman, Keiley, Kerpelman, & Vaughn, 2011). The individual tries out different roles for who they see in themselves and who they portray to others, eventually committing to their own personal role and occupational choice. Pittman et al. (2011) describe the identity formation as “consisting of decisions, investments, and commitments tied to current and future roles, goals, and relationships.” Additional considerations for identity formation include the context of the culture which is available to the adolescent during this time. After successful resolution of this stage during adolescence, individuals will typically progress into Erikson’s Intimacy versus Isolation stage during young
...f adolescence allow development the identity that will serve as a basis for their adult lives. During Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion, adolescents' description of self expands to include personality traits and attitudes. The emergence of abstract reasoning abilities allows adolescents to think about the future and experiment with different identities. The development of abstract thought in adolescence also impels the exploration of religious and spiritual beliefs. The development of religious identity begins to come into question with further exploration. Even though the adolescent may eventually adopt beliefs that were similar to their childhood beliefs, the process of exploration is important in achieving a religious identity.
...nt Psychology: Individual Bases of Adolescent Development. Ed. Richard M. Lerner and Laurence D. Steinber. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 576-81. Print
Feist, G. J., & Rosenberg, E. L. (2012). Learning. In Psychology: Perspectives & connections (2nd ed., p. 310). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Steinberg, Laurence & Morris, Amanda Sheffield. “Adolescent Development.” Annual Review of Psychology, (Annual 2001): 83-110. [E Journal]
Bosma. H. A. 11992). Identity in adolescence: Managing commitments. In G. R. Adams. T. P. Gullotta,
Lynda remembered her adolescent years as a time of many changes, “high school was a roller coaster, and I think it is for every teenager. I had so many different clothing and hair styles; even friends moved on frequently, you realize you’re not into the same things.” Peer relationships plays a very important role in this stage of development as the adolescent tries to answer the question “Who am I?” The adolescent is making a search for identity, they are experimenting and they begin to realize things about themselves that help them form an idea of who they are and what they want in life. According to Erikson, healthy resolution of the earlier conflicts now serves as a foundation in the teenager’s search for an identity. A strong sense of self-control and feeling of independence is the result of a positive resolution of this stage. Unsuccessful resolution of this life stage will lead to what Erikson called role confusion; these individuals will lack a feeling of self, they may drift from job to job and jump from one relationship to another, not knowing what they really want in
Keating, D. (1990): Adolescent thinking, in: S.S. Feldman and G.R. Elliott (eds.) At the threshold: The developing adolescent , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 54-–89.
Biological influences combined with societal and social expectations contribute to how well people learn to adapt to their environments (2013). According to Erikson, there are eight stages of development. Within these states, there are different psychological, emotional and cognitive tasks. In order to adjust, individuals must learn to develop these tasks. During adolescence, Erikson states that each person needs to navigate through the development task of ‘‘Identity vs. Identity confusion ’’ (2013). He defined this task by stating that adolescent children must learn to develop a sense of self and establish independence. Prior to this stage of development, a person’s parents largely influence their identity. In this stage the adolescent children begin to explore and develop their identity outside of their parents’ influence (Hill, Bromell, Tyson, & Flint, 2007). Adolescents are generally more egocentric at this stage and have an increased sense of self-consciousness. They also have a strong desire to conform to peer influence and develop concerns regarding their appearance. They develop concern about their level of competence in relation to their peer group as well. As peer influence increases, during this stage, parental influence decreases (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013; Hill et. al, 2007). Conflict generally increases between parent and child at this stage of development (2007).
Krause, K, Bochner, S, Duchesne, S & McNaugh, A 2010, Educational Psychology: for learning & teaching, 3rd edn, Cengage Learning Australia, Victoria
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
What causes teenagers to have such low self esteem? There are two main problems: how other people treat them, and how they view themselves. Parents or authority figures that spend more time finding fault in children rather than praising them often result in a child who has trouble building up self esteem As adolescents are ...
Many adolescents display qualities of social interest (Ballou, 2002) such as self-worth, self-assurance, involvement in community, and encouragement of others. However, the adolescents who display traits of selfish tendencies, including the need to dominate, refusal to cooperate, desire to take not give, greater concern with self than community (Durbin, 2004), will be perceived as socially useless. Roger Ballou discusses this by stating some youth, “become discouraged either because of unfortunate life situations or despite the quality of their upbringing. Some teens become demoralized in their attempt to find their place in life and instead decide to pursue mistaken beliefs” (2002, p.
As mentioned by Bronfenbrenner, school is a majority of the time adolescents spend time in. It is the place where they begin to form deeper connections with peers. It is through these interactions with peers, an adolescent’s self-concept can come into questions as well. In early adolescence, they tend to combine separate terms to describe themselves abstractly. However, most of the times theses combined terms are not similar which can be caused by societal pressures leading to the adolescent to portray themselves differently in different society. Daisy’s most important relationship to her is of her friends. Daisy believes this because she feels that they are someone she can turn during hectic times in her household. She met a majority of her friends in school. Most of Daisy’s friends are in relationships and she has noticed a change in relationship with her friends because of that. This interaction with her peers that are dating has led Daisy to inferior her friend’s partner. I quote, “Sometimes I feel like they prefer their boyfriend/girlfriend over me. It’s like a feeling of being pushed away because they found someone better than you.” In this scenario, Daisy’s social concept of herself is considering herself as the “other”. In the earlier example, Daisy is viewed as a top known athlete as well as one of those hard to get girls. Daisy’s self-concept indeed changed based on
She seemed much more hesitant to describe herself, however, she was more than willing to talk about her peer groups. Juliana’s responses constructed several theories that have been discussed in class, based on peer groups: family, school climate and achievement, and gender. When asked how she would describe herself she said, “I like to think of myself as a gentle and caring person”. This seemly short and simple response is actually quite intuitive to the way that adolescents think. During adolescence many cognitive transitions occur; one of them is an adolescent’s ability to think in multiple dimensions. Children often describe themselves based on physical characteristics while adolescents describe themselves by physical and personality traits. Therefore, although Juliana only used two characteristics to describe herself, they were both related to her personality, thus showing her cognitive developments as an adolescent. In accordance with studies of adolescents’ peer relations, Juliana defines her peer group as people she spends time with based on common interests. She considers the classmates in her honors classes to be her peer group. This group plays an important role in the adolescent’s identity development as it is considered a reference group, or a group against which an individual compares himself or herself. Juliana reflects on her own