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What does social psychology mean to me
How I see myself
Perception of oneself
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I guess the easiest thing that we have learned since we arrive in this world is interacting with other people. As we grow and develop, we get to see and interact with different types of people and we try to understand them through social psychology. We understand why people act the way they do and why some judge others and social psychology made us understand why we tend to decide with others and g with their judgment rather than have our own minds about the matter. Social psychology introduces as to our self and to our group or the people we belong with.
We tend to try to understand our self and how we are as a person then we try to act and behave accordingly as to whom we are and this concept is called self-concept. This is our idea of which we are our understanding of our self (Mcleod, 2008). This composes of our belief about our self, our attitude and behavior and our opinion as how we are supposed to behave and how we really behave (Feenstra, 2011). As for me, my self-concept is that I am a worrier and I said this because I always end up telling other people about my worries so I share it with them. This is very different with my friend who always keeps her taught to herself and stays aloof all the time. Then aside from our self-concept, we also have what we call our self-schema. Self-schema is the way we look at ourselves hence it can be associated with what we liked to do. My self-schema is that I am a gardener because I love working on my garden. Every time I see something about gardening, I can easily associate myself with it because of my self-schema hence my behavior shows how I perceive myself. Self-schema is the same as self-awareness hence I am aware of myself either publicly or privately. Private self-awareness ar...
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... common among social psychologist like what happened when someone conducted a research called The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. The patients in this study were not treated with the disease. The reason why they were selected for the study is to find out the outcome of having Syphilis and not find a cure for it. The research was deemed unethical because the patients were at risk not knowing that they are indeed suffering from Syphilis. They don’t know the symptoms, the cure or the medicine that they should take and it shows that they were rob of the opportunity to get well because the said fact was hidden from them. If there would be another research to be done regardless of the topic, it might be impossible to get participants because of fear that such unethical behavior from researchers might happen again putting everyone’s lives at risk.
Those who were affected by the testing in hospitals, prisons, and mental health institutions were the patients/inmates as well as their families, Henrietta Lacks, the doctors performing the research and procedures, the actual institutions in which research was being held, and the human/health sciences field as a whole. Many ethical principles can be applied to these dilemmas: Reliance on Scientific Knowledge (1.01), Boundaries of Competence (1.02), Integrity (1.04), Professional and Scientific Relationships (1.05), Exploitative Relationships (1.07, a), Responsibility (2.02), Rights and Prerogatives of Clients (2.05), Maintaining Confidentiality (2.06), Maintaining Records (2.07), Disclosures (2.08), Treatment/Intervention Efficacy (2.09), Involving Clients in Planning and Consent (4.02), Promoting an Ethical Culture (7.01), Ethical Violations by Others and Risk of Harm (7.02), Avoiding False or Deceptive Statements (8.01), Conforming with Laws and Regulations (9.01), Characteristics of Responsible Research (9.02), Informed Consent (9.03), and Using Confidential Information for Didactic or Instructive Purposes (9.04), and Debriefing (9.05). These particular dilemmas were not really handled until much later when laws were passed that regulated the way human subjects could be used for research. Patients
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
This article, Life as a Maid’s Daughter by Mary Romero, takes the reader through the life a girl named Teresa. She lived a unique life, because she was able to see the differences ways in which different races and social classes of people live in America. Teresa and her mother Carmen are lower class Mexican-Americans, and the people that Carmen is a maid for are upper-middle class white Americans. Throughout her life Teresa learns about different aspects of herself (i.e. race, social class, gender, and family) through interactions with her biological family and the families of the employers.
DNLee showed the doctors and scientists side when he pointed out that “scientists can become blinded by our own ambitions to pursue an answer, complete an experiment and be tempted to ignore every ethical and moral principle in order to get that data point… the researcher does whatever mental exercise needed that would allow his human subjects to suffer from Syphilis complications despite the availability of an effective and affordable cure because that subject is no longer his own individual.” When ambitiously searching for an answer, many may become ignorant to the effects their actions cause to others not directly involved with their research. In the case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, this happens to be the families related to the victims of the study. The scientists and doctors in the study never intended for the significant others and children of participants to be harmed physically or mentally.
Social psychology is a scientific study that studies how people think, feel, and how they behave under the influence of other people (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2013, p. 2). Thinking about what social influence really means, we tend to think of a person who tries to persuade another person to acting a certain way. It can be a form of peer pressure, like taking that first puff of a cigarette, or it can be conforming to popular societal views, such as obeying the law of the land. Fiction is a great way to learn about social psychological perspectives. Watching popular theatrical films is the perfect way to learn because it illustrates the application of many perceptions within the subject of social psychology.
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was conducted by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and involved the participation of 600 black men: 399 all of whom had contracted syphilis before being enrolled in the study, and 201 who did not have the disease (Schmidt & Brown, 2015, p. 33). While it is required by law to provide full disclosure of all aspects of a research study (informed consent) these men were misled by researchers and told they were being treated for “bad blood.” Additionally, penicillin treatment (found to be effective against syphilis) was withheld for research purposes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017, para. 2−5). With this in mind, these men were never told about the actual study or its real purpose and
Self-esteem is a powerful force within each one of us. It is a person’s overall assessment
Over the last twentieth century, there have been numerous examples in which ethical principles have not been considered in research leading to ethical breaches that have negative implications on study participants.1 One US human experimentation study which breached ethical conduct was the US Public Health Service Syphilis Study, more commonly known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was conducted from 1932 through 1972.2 The study recruited 399 African-American male subjects diagnosed with syphilis. The recruited men came from poor, rural counties around Tuskegee, Alabama. The stated purpose of the study was to obtain information about the course of untreated syphilis. The study was initially meant to be for 6 months, however the study was modified into a “death as end-point study”.8,9
The self refers to a social being able perceive, interact and engage whilst distinguishing itself from others while schemas may be defined as categorization of ideas and a mental structure that sorts and perceive new information. Thus, self-schemas refer to generalizations of one’s self based on memories, experiences and roles in life in accordance to their gender, behavior, culture, physical attributes and social settings. Individuals may hold qualities that are important to them or are self-schematic to said qualities and at the same time may not be concerned about another specific quality, therefore being aschematic. The self-schema theory proposed by Hazel Markus (1977) not only affects cognitive processes but also behavioural domains.
The character traits are developed with children by identify with who they are known as self-concept and have self-worth known as self-esteem. Self-concept and self-esteem are improve through the learning of self-regulation. Self-regulation ensures the development of a good temperament to stimulation where effort can be applied to be conscious of different people and things. Self-regulation is the ability to hold back a dominant response in order to execute a nondominant response. In addition, self-regulation helps with an what is called “goodness of fit.” “Goodness of Fit” is a characterization of traits from developing temperament and environment that is favorable for an outcome by working together. The characterization aids the development of independence. Children’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior are more in turn with social structure with self-regulation because the children are able to stop unwanted
In order to understand how one perceives situations and how they can determine the way one communicates; we first must understand the value of self-concept. Self is easily defined; it is one's beliefs, attitudes, feelings and values. It is who one is and what one stands for. Self-concept, is a relevantly stable set of perceptions and emotional states. It is the way one sees and understands oneself, and contributes to how one perceives oneself and perceives situations. One's self-concept may alter their perception, and either enhance or impede one's communication effectiveness. The way one sees oneself can influence the way they see their social surroundings. Only after one become aware of oneself can they be aware of their physical and social surroundings, which will allow one to perceive situations and people with a truer idea and create a more positive outcome.
In contrast to TP’s focus on individuals, CP holds a different ontological position as it is based on relativism and critical theory through critical examination of society and culture (Rogers, 2003). The aim of CP is to promote social change by being inquiry based and start with the problem rather than focusing solely on the individual (Fletcher, 1996). This is because it is believed that the individual is always and already located in society where we can’t separate from the social world, and social embeddedness of thinking and behaviour. CP approach contributes a qualitative different critical space and alternative research that breaks from the traditional positivist approach by the critiques of psychology and the politics of research raised
This lack of awareness does not bode well for human nature as this makes humans susceptible to heinous acts; demonstrating that there may be no innate moral code to humans, and in the event, there is a guideline, it can be overruled by authority. Moreover, social psychology demonstrates how an aspect of human nature is the need to feel accepted and fit in; the motivation for why individuals conform or give into social norms. Overall, the whole purpose of social psychology is to be able to draw general assumption from accepted phenomena to predict individuals’ reactions to certain social stimulus. It relies on social context heavily, and would not divulge any knowledge if there was only one individual present. Fundamentally, social psychology depends on group dynamics, or perceived presence of others in order to draw any conclusion about human nature. Thus, social psychology is insightful in regard to human nature when in a social environment, but not human nature on the individual scale. All social psychology phenomena are contingent on a perceived/actual presence of others or group dynamics; the mannerisms of human nature in social context cannot be applied to the
“Self-awareness is a psychological state in which people are aware of their traits, feelings and behaviour. Alternatively, it can be defined as the realisation of oneself as an individual entity.” (Crisp & Turner, 2010). In other words, self awareness is recognising one’s personality which includes strengths, weaknesses, thoughts, beliefs and emotions.
Personality is the expression of a person’s traits according to ones feelings, mentality and behavior. It involves understanding individuals’ traits such as withdrawal and willpower and how various parts of an individual link together to form personality. Personality expresses itself from within an individual and is comparatively regular throughout in an individual’s life. Different people have different personalities dependent on factors such as environment and genetic composition. Our personality is dependent on the success or failure of our development in the eight stages of life. This is proposed by Erik Erikson. Success in the development stages lead to virtues while the failure leads to malignancies.