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The scientific revolution in the 19th century
Medical advancement of penicillin essay
The scientific revolution in the 19th century
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Since the beginning of time, man has studied the mysteries of nature and Earth. The human raced has pursued, with vigor, knowledge of the world around them. This pursuit of knowledge is what we call science. Without science, mankind would not progress. Without scientific discoveries, man would be nothing. In the twentieth century, Great Britain received much recognition by the scientific community due to their discovery of penicillin, creation of the first programmable computer, and groundbreaking work with nuclear transfer. In the early twentieth century, Alexander Fleming made a mistake in a lab that saved hundreds of thousands of lives throughout the world. “Fleming was born on August 6, 1881 in Lochfield, Ayrshire, a remote part of rural Scotland (“Alexander Fleming”).” As a boy, he attended school at Kilmarnock Academy until he was 13. He then went to live with his uncle in London, due to his father passing away, and he attended the polytechnic school there. After a brief period of serving in the London Scottish Regiment, during the Boer War, Fleming attended St. Mary’s Medical School at London University. In 1928, Fleming became a professor at St. Mary’s. One day, while cleaning Staphylococcus covered petri dishes, he noticed a strange mold growing on one of the cultures. As he examined it closely, Fleming recognized that no bacteria grew in close proximity to the mold. After further experimentation, he discovered that the mold could kill bacteria even after being diluted 800 times! Due to scientific limitations of the time, Fleming could not create a drug out of, what he discovered to be, the Penicillin mold. However, he still received a Nobel Prize in 1945 along with the scientists who refined Penicillin into the useful su... ... middle of paper ... ... would not be as advanced as it is today. So for that, we are obliged to say, “Cheers Brits!” Works Cited "Alexander Fleming." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. Fridovich-Keil, Juidith L. "Britannica School." Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. . "Penicillin." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. Rogers, Kara. "Nuclear Transfer." Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. . Stocum, David. "Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer." Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2013.. Trueman, Chris. “Tommy Flowers.” Tommy Flowers. Chris Trueman, Dec. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. .
This was a factor that was based on chance, as the penicillin (mould) had probably blown through a window. In my opinion Fleming didn't have much do to with the development of Penicillin, but he did recognise its importance and published his findings. Florey and Chain were scientists. They stumbled across Fleming's research papers and were intrigued by his findings. They were sure that, if Fleming was right, this discovery could save a lot of lives, prevent pain and make it much easier to fight infectious diseases and prevent other infections.
Atwood takes many of today’s potential scientific developments and illustrates the worst possible outcome of what may happen if we continue the unregulated pursuit of knowledge. In reality, the scientific advances of today will yield a higher standard of living for the majority of the world tomorrow. We will continue to push for the best in everything including science, medicine, and technology; we will not allow any single person to make the sole decision to develop an idea. Scientific progression will save many lives; therefore, it should and will always be there for us.
Penicillin, derived from the mold Penicillium, is the first antibiotic to successfully treat bacterial infections on humans. It was accidentally discovered by scientist, Alexander Fleming. While Fleming was growing Staphylococcus, a serious and often deadly infection, in a dish, he noticed the bacteria had stopped growing after a mold found its way
Fleming reasoned that the fact that it killed the bacteria in the lab, that it could also be used to kill bacteria in humans, but after attempting and failing to grow more penicillin, he eventually gave up on the idea.
So one major investment in the 1920's to science was Medicine. In 1921 two Canadian scientists made a medicine called Insulin. Insulin helped people suffering from diabetes which made the world a healthier place. Then in 1928 Alexander Fleming found a mold that could kill certain types of bacteria. This mold became...
18). Even though those diseases were not his goal to cure it still made penicillin revolutionary for the time being. Fleming now knew how to make penicillin and started to mass produce it. In the 1930s during the upgrading process of penicillin Fleming himself was cured of severe conjunctivitis. Then in the 1940s the fully developed penicillin was created. The creation of penicillin cured a wide variety of diseases, which led to the world excelling in growth, and penicillin improved the way of medicine at the time. The variety of diseases cured by penicillin made it a must have antibiotic. Penicillin was used to cure multiple diseases including syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, gangrene, pneumonia, diphtheria, and scarlet fever ( Common Antibiotics ). All the diseases have one thing in common, they all have the ability to spread, some faster than others. When a disease is discovered people tried to make a cure. When penicillin was made diseases that were thought to never have a cure were cured. People began to demand that penicillin be sold in local pharmacies. Penicillin was released to help people with the variety of diseases curable by
The British Empire was a period of , but it was only this way due to their imperialistic views and the exploitation of people within the Empire. Even though the British Imperialism of the late 19th century/early 20th century brought great wealth, knowledge, and technological advancements, but at the expense of others. Britain had to find a way to justify their ‘superiority’ over these other countries….. Scientists and social scientists created many sciences, including social Darwinism, eugenics, phrenology, and polygenism. Many historians have argued whether or not these sciences were proposed in order to justify the British Empire or not. These pseudo-sciences were constructed to rationalize the imperialism during the 19th century. This paper
Ernest Chain and Howard Florey with the knowledge of Flemings work were able to successfully purify an extract of penicillin for testing. The tested it in 1940 on mice, they concluded that those who were given the penicillin lived whereas the others did not. Later in 1945 all three men received the Nobel Prize for their contr...
Alexander Fleming started the history of antibiotics in the 1920's with his discovery of penicillin.When penicillin was first discovered and used widely, it was touted as a wonder drug, and consequently was used as one.Though not necessarily harmful to the patient penicillin was used for much more infections than it was able to combat.Today the same practice is observed in the medical profession, however at this point it is due more to the detriment of an uneducated public.Studies have been carried out that show the huge over usage of antibiotics.In the seventies Soyka et al, concluded, "60% of physicians surveyed gave antibiotics for the treatment of the common cold."[3], and by common knowledge the common cold is a virus, something that cannot be treated by an antibiotic.Nyquist
...ing sealed his place in history with the discovery of lysozyme, it was his discover of Penicillin in 1928 that started the revolution of antibiotics and sealed his lasting reputation within the medical world. In 1945, Fleming was recognized for his achievements and he reached the Nobel Prize for Physiology. On March 11, 1955, Fleming died in London, England. (Brown, 2013)
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great advances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. "The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century."1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the founders of the Scientific Revolution.
Scientific, as a culture, can provide value in understanding the cultural, ideological, intellectual and aesthetic aspects. "We often think of science as something inescapably linked to progress, and of progress as continually marching forward. We assume that there is something inevitable about the increase of knowledge and the benefits this knowledge brings" (Irvine & Russell). Provide humanity with wisdom and speculative enjoyment. This enjoyment of the public is through reading, learning and thinking obtained. But scientists are met from the real research work. The development of scientific and technology, which are also, depend on culture and education progress. Educations have a cultural and technological knowledge and imparted training of personnel functions. Education is to promote the development of science and technology that is an important social factor. At the same time, advances in science and technology is an important factor in promoting cultural development, the use of modern information technology, the collection, transfer, storage means and methods of cultural resources has been a fundamental change, which greatly promoted the cultural transmission, inheritance and development. In a sense, science is a great adventure, is a stimulating and exciting career filled. It is made the human thirst for knowledge and curiosity satisfied, and so that people further
At his Nobel Peace Prize speech in 1945, Alexander Fleming warned against the misuse of antibiotics and the fact that by doing this, one allows the bacteria to ‘become educated’ and therefore become resistant to the antibiotic. It is believed that the first cases of antibiotic resistance were shortly after this speech. (Fleming, 1945)
middle of paper ... ... Lindberg, David C. Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution. Eds. David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman.
Science may be described as the key to the prevailing mode of life in a so-called developed community. We revel on the idea that we are living in a modernized world which has been given a new look and shape due to science. Science has in fact transformed the world into one of wonders and blessings as well as one of deceit and curse!