Scandinavian

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The Nordic Model describes the economic and social models of the 5 Nordic countries; Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The model combines ‘growth and solidarity’ (TNMiNE, 2013) which results in the Nordic countries often presenting themselves at the top of the international ratings in the following areas: ‘equal distribution of income, competitiveness, innovation, employment, equality - gender equality and environmental stewardship’ (TNMiNE, 2013). The Scandinavian countries are commonly described as the five-party system or a 3 + 2 system containing the Social Democrats, Agrarian-Centre and the Conservative in the ‘3’ group and the Liberals and Communist in the ‘2’ group. However, after the economic, social and political changes within the Nordic countries such as the collapse of the Soviet Union and the entrance of Finland and Sweden into the European Union (EU), a growing question has arisen whether the party system is frozen or whether it has been replaced by new cleavages and parties.
This essay will explain how party changes can affect the party system and hence how one can misinterpret the changes within the five-party system, to a change to the five-party system. The essay will firstly describe and explain what the five party system is and what changes have occurred within it, mentioning the ‘Other’ parties. Secondly, the essay will focus on the changes to political parties based on social cleavages and how they can affect the political system.
The Scandinavian five-party system, as the name suggests, contains five main party groups. With the exception of Iceland which has a 4 party system (a 2 + 2) the following parties are within the remaining four countries: the Conservatives, the Liberal, the Agrarian,...

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...h was an APE (anti-political establishment); The Young Finn Party in 1995, which sought to attract ‘city liberals’; and The Coastal Party in Norway in 1997 which was a single-interest party in favour of commercial whaling, the party gained 1.7% of the national vote in 2001 but 10.9% in Nordland and 10.0% in Troms.
Different parties due to changes in social cleavages and social situations had emerged or changed such as the the Swedish People’s Party or as it is now called the ‘Finland’s Swedish People’s Party’ which emerged after the universal suffrage in 1906. As the name suggests it represents the Swedish-speaking language minority such as the farmers, fishermen and factory workers (Arter, 2014). 
 The ‘Others’ category has became more and more favoured and an average of 6.5% of the Swedish electoral voted for parties classed within this group since the 1940/50’s.

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