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The six steps in the research process
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John Barry’s piece explores that science is more than the outcome of an experiment but rather the questions asked in the process. Through many different types of rhetorical strategies, he addresses the need to be uncertain to be a successful scientist.
Barry’s analogies demonstrate how science isn’t just one answer, it’s always moving and changing, they also demonstrate how uncertainty lays the path for science. Barry uses an analogy of being in the woods calling it a frontier and saying a real scientist adventures into the wilderness knowing nothing, ready to learn. He does this to simplify scientific inquiry and shows that anyone can be a scientist if they except the unknown and question.Barry also uses an analogy of paving a road saying, science builds on itself. He shows that one scientist will discover a small piece of a puzzle, then another will come along, questioning, and discover more than the last person. This shows that through further questioning scientist learn more than they could have ever known before. Through his analogies, Barry is able to further prove uncertainty is the best way to use the scientific method.
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Barry claims that to be a scientist is more than intelligence and curiosity, but patience, creativity, courage, passion, and self-sufficiency. He does this to prove science is more than information, but a long process to reach answers that have been questioned. Barry also uses juxta position to analyze the difference of certainty and uncertainty in science. He says “It is the courage to accept-indeed, embrace-uncertainty.” This proves that a scientist’s ability to accept what is unknown distinguishes them from a good or bad scientist. Barry uses his juxta position create a clear line between good and bad scientists, certainty and
Contemporary writer, John M Barry, in his passage from Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America, seeks to communicate the extraordinarily perplexing river that has a life of it’s own. Barry illustrates the incomprehensibility and lifelikeness of the Mississippi, and how that makes it so alluring, by establishing it as far superior to all other rivers.
In 102 Minutes, Chapter 7, authors Dwyer and Flynn use ethos, logos, and pathos to appeal to the readers’ consciences, minds and hearts regarding what happened to the people inside the Twin Towers on 9/11. Of particular interest are the following uses of the three appeals.
Dave Barry’s “Road Warrior” is a humorous essay that discusses different types of “rages” that exists on a daily basis in American life. Barry begins by discussing road rage then goes into parking lot rage, and shopping cart rage. He explains that these rages are unnecessary, and how they just create violence in the world today. While Barry was writing this article he was living in Miami, Florida discussing the problems of road rage in the city. If anyone has ever felt road rage, or any kind of rage this is for you.
Jared Diamond makes a great and compelling argument about how inequality across the entire globe originated. The main components that were agreeing with this argument were guns germs and steel. Guns meaning the advancement in weaponry, military warfare and military sophistication. Germs meaning the harmful disease and other foul illness that wiped out humans throughout History. Then the third and final point steel, which was about the advancement in societies and the complex sophistication with their technology, which lead to building great architecture and devices that were completely impactful.
“People who had incurred the displeasure of the party simply disappeared and were never heard of again.
One of the most effective methods Barry uses throughout the aforementioned passage, is his comparison of scientists to explorers. The first lines of paragraph four set up the comparison, “All real scientists exist on the frontier,” this furthers the point Barry makes that scientific research is about uncertainty and embracing it, only then will the research that is done yield any answers. Barry furthers the point of uncertainty is the very nature of science with this quote, “There they probe in a
In the same also different way, the coach in Marshall speech also using pathos when he said “ They don’t know your heart. I do. I’ve seen it. You have shown it to me...You have shown just exactly who you are in here.” This is pathos because the coach bring up how good the team have become. Whether they’re losing or winning, the only thing will matter is no one will have a great heart as the players have. They don’t need to win the championship to show that they’re the best, they just need to show how much passion they have with football to show that they’re the best team. The coach also said: “ When you take that field today, you’ve gotta lay that heart on the line, men. From the souls of your feet, with every ounce of blood you’ve got in your body, lay it on the line until the final.” He doesn’t put pressure on the players that they have to win, he speaked how he feel, he speaked from his heart, he just wanted that when the team take the field today, they just need to put all their effort and passion on the field.
Albert Einstein declared, “The most important thing is to never stop questioning.” Questions help extend our knowledge by opening our minds to change and new possibilities. The excerpt talks about the mindset that scientists need to become successful and the process they go through to make new discoveries. In The Great Influenza, John M. Barry educates citizens of the everyday challenges that scientists face through utilizing rhetorical questions, cause and effect, and contrast.
As Barry begins his passage he introduces the uncertainty of science, listing qualities that a great scientist should have. As he begins to name these qualities, Barry utilizes long syntax by writing a list sentence. Barry says that “To be a scientist requires not only intelligence
Imagine the world we are living in today, now imagine a world where we are told who to marry, where to work, who to hate and not to love. It is hard to imagine right, some people even today are living in the world actually have governments that are controlling their everyday life. In literature many writers have given us a view of how life may be like if our rights as citizen and our rights simply as human beings. One day the government may actually find a way to control and brainwash people into beings with no emotions like they have in the book 1984 where they express only hate, because that’s what they have been taught by the party.
Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of the Universe. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein depicts this very difference in the story of Victor Frankenstein. A scientist who through performing his experiments creates a monster which wreaks havoc upon humanity. Frankenstein concentrating wholly upon discovery ignores the consequences of his actions.
Sir Popper's piece, "Science: Conjectures and Refutations," reaffirms the scientific methods currently in use. No scientific theory is ratified without serious consideration and careful observation. Science is the pursuit of what can be proven false and the resulting assumptions of what must be true.
A.J. Ayer, Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn. "Science and Non science: Defining the Boundary." Part 1. Pages 6-19. [...]
Miele, Frank. "OPINION: What we know, and what we think we know: Poking around the
Science can be defined as a concept of observations and inquiries that the whole world applies depending on certain natural laws which are discovered and tested. Some academics come across ideas which have existed, they explore and test these ideas using scientific methods. These methods are based on observations or experience which compel academics into hypothesis testing (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). It is suggested that science has key