Science is a study that can be viewed and interpreted in various ways. Some believe science to be based on facts and specific results, while others believe it to be based on creativity and spontaneity. In his account of the 1918 flu epidemic, The Great Influenza, John M. Barry characterizes scientific research as work that requires creativity, spontaneity, and intelligence through his use of rhetorical devices such as allusions, metaphors, and rhetorical questions.
As Barry begins his passage he introduces the uncertainty of science, listing qualities that a great scientist should have. As he begins to name these qualities, Barry utilizes long syntax by writing a list sentence. Barry says that “To be a scientist requires not only intelligence
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and curiosity, but passion, patience, creativity, self-sufficiency, and courage.” This sentence structure allows Barry to greatly emphasize the importance of each of these qualities in a great scientist. In order to allow readers to better understand, Barry continues on to make allusions to both Claude Bernard and Albert Einstein. As Barry describes that a scientist must believe nothing but “the process of inquiry,” he relates this to Einstein’s refusal to accept his own predictions until they were seeked out and tested; being that Einstein is one of the most well-known scientists in the world, this allusion allows readers to better relate with his views of science. Both long syntax and allusions allow Barry to portray his characterization of scientific research as he opens his writing. Continuing in his passage, Barry begins to expand and explain the unknown in science.
Barry opens up this section with a metaphor, stating that “all real scientists exist on the frontier,” and continuing on to compare scientific research to the western frontier. As the western frontier was new and undiscovered in early America until people became bold enough to venture out there, scientific research is new and undiscovered as well until one has the boldness to explore the work. This metaphor relating to the frontier allows Barry to clearly paint a picture of his characterization of scientific research. As he continues on in explaining the unknown, Barry writes a series of rhetorical questions relating to the metaphor of the frontier. As the rhetorical questions continuously follow one another, they mimic the job a scientist would have in inquiring date within an experiment. These questions not only make the reader think thoroughly about the roles of scientists, but also force the reader to think like a scientist his or herself. This comparison of scientific research to the frontier, as well as the rhetorical questions within it, allow Barry to portray the unknown factor within science, emphasizing the boldness and curiosity a great scientist must have in order to be truly
successful. In concluding his passage, Barry explains that if scientists will base science off of spontaneity, creativity, and intelligence, they will pave the way for other scientists to begin their own journeys. Barry again utilizes a metaphor as he compares scientific groundwork to paths being paved into roads. Just as a path will turn into a paved road, successful research will allow other scientists to “pave” orderly and straight findings. Barry closes his writing by recognizing that not all scientists are comfortable dealing with spontaneity and uncertainty; he uses manipulative diction, writing that “An investigator must make them work. The less known, the more one has to manipulate and even force experiments to yield and answer.” Words such and “make”, “manipulate”, and “force” emphasize Barry’s push for all scientists to venture into the area which is unknown. Both the manipulative diction and metaphor allow Barry to thoroughly identify his view of scientific research. In his passage selected from The Great Influenza, John M. Barry characterizes scientific research as being unknown, spontaneous, creative, and skillful. Barry easily allows this characterization to be recognized through his use of rhetorical devices such as metaphors, allusions, and rhetorical questions.
Luckovich’s editorial cartoon on H1N1 was published in October of 2009 and the cartoon is in Luckovich’s classic scribble sketch style. His cartoon alludes to H1N1 and the vaccine scares that caused avoidable sickness and death. Luckovich was in favor of vaccinations and he shows in his editorial why they are important. He directed his editorial cartoon specifically towards parents who refuse to vaccinate their kids due to rumors or lifestyle choices. His cartoon’s overall point is if you don’t vaccinate your children they will get sick and die from a preventable disease. The editorial was published after a major outbreak of a devastating strain of H1N1 that killed and hospitalized many, it spread quickly because of people who refused to vaccinate
In the text, “Vaccines Cause Children More Adverse Reactions Than Any other Drug”, the author Dr. Mercola states his personal opinion as well as other doctors opinions are findings to help his research. The authors’ purpose is to inform the reader how vaccines are causing adverse reactions around the world. The author uses ethos throughout the piece because everyone he speaks with is a doctor, as well as him. His ethos makes the piece very informational and helpful to a parent reading who is concerned about vaccinating their kids. Dr. Mercola uses pathos by explaining all the harm vaccinations are doing, such as serious reactions and death. The piece has many logos informing readers’ studies being done on vaccinations, “based on reported pediatric
“People who had incurred the displeasure of the party simply disappeared and were never heard of again.
Overall, John M. Barry was able to define and characterize scientific research. Using rhetorical strategies such as, comparison, specific diction, and contrast Barry is able to show how scientific research is uncertainty
“He say Mr. Parris must be kill! Mr. Parris no goodly man, Mr. Parris mean man and no gentle man and he bid me rise out of bed and cut your throat!” (Miller 47).
In The Great Influenza, John M. Barry educates citizens of the everyday challenges that scientists face through utilizing rhetorical questions, cause and effect, and contrast. Barry’s uses of the rhetorical strategies highlights the beauty of uncertainty because of failure, scientists can make new discoveries everyday. In relation
20 were executed” (Blumberg). The Crucible setting is based on The Salem Witch trials, but the plot is based on The Red Scare. The author employs strict tone and rhetorical questions to convey power. This connects to the purpose of how a occurring can devastate a whole community and the people in it. Arthur Miller, the author of The Crucible, employs empowerment by expressing the challenges within each character and their influence on the trial through the characters John Proctor, Abigail, and Danforth.
The essay starts off by stating, “One could say that the dominant scientific world-view going into the 16th century was not all that “scientific” in the modern sense of the
When Barack Obama ran for presidency, there were a lot of questions about his race, color, and whether he was born in the U.S.. The comments from his pastor Jeremiah Wright put him in an awkward situation, so he decided to give this speech to prove the point that we are all the same and live in the same country, so there shouldn’t be any discrimination among anyone. In his speech, Obama uses rhetorical devices to explain how race discrimination is affecting our country and us in every way possible. The use of rhetorical devices in this speech has strong effects on the audience. The use of allusion, symbolism, optimistic tone, and repetition of words gives the speech a strong argumentative tone. He argues the fact that to be able to achieve such big goals and how out country was supposed to be from the beginning, we need to stay united and rely on younger
Dr. Michael Shermer is a Professor, Founder of skeptic magazine, and a distinguished and brilliant American science writer to say the least. In His book The Moral Arc: How Science Makes Us Better People he sets out to embark on the daunting task of convincing and informing the reader on sciences’ ability to drives the expansion of humanity and the growth of the moral sphere. Although such a broad and general topic could be hard to explain, Shermer does so in a way that is concise, easy to understand, and refreshing for the reader. This novel is riddled with scientific facts, data, and pictures to back up shermers claims about the history of science, humanity and how the two interact with one another.
The film Sicko (2007), is about the misfortune and distress associated with the American Health care system and how it compares to those in several foreign countries where universal health care is the normal. The audience explores Moore’s rhetorical strategies and how he represents the issue of health care with the goal of gaining support from the rest of society for his cause. Michael Moore make this film that has the purpose to especially inform the American audience about the current health system in America and terrible system created in America that is sometimes deadly. The filmmaker used emotion, reason, creditable people, counter arguments and humor/irony to develop his argument that the American health system is terrible to citizens.
Science is a way of approaching the world, knowing why and how things around us are occurring. The scientific method allows scientists to be precise and focused. Through that medium, they can determine which hypotheses are consistently supported such that they become theories and which need more modification or rejection. This type of knowing can be tested and quantified. Scientists strive to make their observations as objective as possible, to be devoid of human interest. Scientists try to control all the variables ...
Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of the Universe. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein depicts this very difference in the story of Victor Frankenstein. A scientist who through performing his experiments creates a monster which wreaks havoc upon humanity. Frankenstein concentrating wholly upon discovery ignores the consequences of his actions.
Director Steven Spielberg and auther Markus Zusak, in their intriguing production, movie Saving Private Ryan and book The Book Thief, both taking place during World War II. However , in Saving Private Ryan Spielberg focus on a lot of complications that occur during war , but guilt was one difficulty that stood out to me. Zusak, on the other hand , showas that having courage during war can be a advantage and also an disadvantage depending on the situation. Both director and author grabed the audience attention with emotional and logical appeal.
Vaccines save us from being infected with viruses. They save approximately 2.5 million people from death every year. However, while they help save lives, vaccines still have both minor and severe side effects. This can result in nausea, severe sickness, and in rare cases, death. Every year, 3,000 to 4,500 people in the United States are hospitalized due to vaccine side effects. It is extremely important for all communities to be informed about the side effects of vaccines and what causes them. Also, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say that the influenza vaccine is only 48% effective, due to constant mutation of the virus (Scutti, 2017). This means, the influenza vaccine does not work on all