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History of psychology quizlet
Psychology is considered a science according to
Importance of psychology as a science
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This essay will begin by defining key terms such as science and is psychology a science. It will further look at the efforts academics make to establish the discipline of psychology as a science. Thereafter, a conclusive conclusion will be made based on the salient points drawn from the discussion. Science can be defined as a concept of observations and inquiries that the whole world applies depending on certain natural laws which are discovered and tested. Some academics come across ideas which have existed, they explore and test these ideas using scientific methods. These methods are based on observations or experience which compel academics into hypothesis testing (Comer, Gould, & Furnham, 2013). It is suggested that science has key Groome & Grant (2013). Cognitive psychology uses scientific methods to study mental processes. It reacted against behaviourism and focusses on language, memory, attention and perception. This helps understand why academics make efforts trying to establish the disciplines of psychology as a science. According to Anderson (2000), cognitive psychology can stipulate the basis for different areas of social sciences. Cognitive psychology was founded in the year (1956). (Esyneck & Keane, 2015) state that academics such as Noam Chomsky, George Miller, Newell and Simon discussed at a meeting on different topics such as language, the magic number seven in short term memory and a model called the general problem solver. Esyneck & Keane, (2015) suggest that the above topics related to R. (2000). Cognitive psychology and its implications (5th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Comer, R., Gould, E., & Furnham, A. (2013). Psychology. United States: John Wiley & Sons. Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference (1st ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Eysenck, M. W. (2009). Fundamentals of psychology (1st ed.). Hove: Psychology Press. Eysenck, M. W., & Keane, M. T. (2015). Cognitive psychology: A student’s handbook. United Kingdom: Psychology Press. Groome, D., & Grant, D. (2013). An introduction to cognitive psychology: Processes and disorders (3rd ed.). Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press. Gross, R. D. (2003). Themes, issues and debates in psychology (2nd ed.). London: A Hodder Arnold Publication. Popper, K. Science as Falsification. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations, 33–39. Retrieved from www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/popper_falsification.html#see Valentine, E. R. (1991). Conceptual issues in psychology (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Zuriff, G. (1995). A review of Baum’s Understanding Behaviorism: Science, Behaviour, and Culture. The Behaviour Analyst, 18(2),
Psychology comprises of two words originally used by the ‘Greeks’, ‘psyche’, defining the mind, soul or spirit and lastly ‘logos’ being study. Both words define together the ‘study of the mind’. Psychology perspectives evaluate the normal and abnormal behaviour and how persons’ deal with different concepts of issues and problems. Psychology theories’ are based on ‘common sense’, but its scientific structure, everything needs to be evaluated and tested, therefore, promoting different psychological theories’.
Gross, R (2010). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour. 6th ed. London: Hodder Education. p188.
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2012). Psychology (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
The development of psychology like all other sciences started with great minds debating unknown topics and searching for unknown answers. Early philosophers and psychologists such as Sir Francis Bacon and Charles Darwin took a scientific approach to psychology by introducing the ideas of measurement and biology into the way an indi...
Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.
Schultz, Duane P., and Sydney Ellen. Schultz. A History of Modern Psychology. 9th ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print.
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed., pp. 271-273). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
3) Gleitman, H., Fridlun, A., and Reisberg, D. Psychology. Fifth Edition. New York. W.W. Norton & Company. 1999
Cognitive psychology is the study of the brains internal processes that guide behaviour; to study cognition, psychologists examine case studies of patients with damaged brains that can infer areas, and functions involved in particular processes. Patient studies have provided insights into the processes that take place within our minds, and have enabled psychologists to create models, which can be tested and fractionated. Cognitive neuropsychology has developed from cognitive psychology to become a discipline in its own right; it investigates the function and structures of the brain involved in cognitive processes and should not be confused with cognitive neuroscience, which is primarily concerned with neural structures and their functions.
Whilst evaluating the cognitive approach to psychology there are many strengths such as that the cognitive approach takes an understanding of the influence from mental processes on one’s behaviour, focusing on an individual’s thinking patterns and their perception. This approach also relates to many known functions and operations that the human body performs such as memory and problem solving.
Schultz, D.P. & Schultz, S. E. (2012). A history of modern psychology, (10th Ed.) Belmont, CA:
A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognition is referred to as cognitive psychology. Cognition has aspects involved in mental processes that include perception, attention, memory, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. Perception is associated with recognizing, attention with focusing, memory as the aspect of remembering, while reasoning and decision making is associated with resolving and deciding which course to take. Research shows that cognitive psychology began when mind researches were first done. With the rise of behaviorism approach, the study of mind got discouraged and cognitive psychology faded. Later, cognitive psychology was established as a major psychology area resulting to cognitive revolution. This brought about rebirth of science of mind. This has developed to modern approaches used in the study of mind.
Ciccarelli, Saundra, and White, J. Noland. Psychology Second Edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc. 2009. Print.
(2004) Psychology (2nd European edition). Essex: Pearson Education Limited Gross, R (1996).Psychology, The Science of mind and behaviour (3rd Ed). London: Hodder & Stoughton