Issue
There are a few supporting points which claims that the quantitative research method is systematic. Firstly, the research problem is stated in very specific and set terms (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 1992). For example, the researchers will justify and set a specific research problem instead of using a general one. For instance, the researchers will set the research problem as “Is quantitative research method systematic compared to qualitative research method” instead of “Which is better comparing quantitative research method and qualitative research method”. Secondly, both independent and dependent variables are clearly and precisely specified under investigation. For example, researchers have fixed several variables that has clearly
…show more content…
For instance, the data gathered by researchers is highly reliable as they used quantitative research method. Moreover, there will be elimination and minimization of judgment subjectivity as quantitative research method is being used (Kealey & Protheroe, 1996). Lastly, allowing for longitudinal measures of subsequent performance of research subjects.
Critical Analysis
In my opinion, qualitative research method is unsystematic compared to quantitative research method. There are few points found to be supporting the analysis. Firstly, qualitative research method is started from the original goals of the research in response to the changing nature of the context (Cassell & Symon, 1994). For example, the nature of context may be change although the research is departing from the original objectives as it may be different on the response of the respondent. For instance, the respondent answered something that are out of the expectation of the researchers such as answering “tomato” instead of answering “banana” “mango”
…show more content…
(Burns & Grove 2005:23) Qualitative Research is a primarily exploratory research used to obtain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. Quantitative research method are more systematic because research problem is stated specifically, variables are specified, original set of research goals, arriving at more objective conclusions, testing hypothesis, determining the issues of causality are followed firmly, achieving high levels of reliability of gathered data, eliminating subjectivity of judgment and allowing for longitudinal measures of subsequent performance of research subjects. However, Qualitative research method is unsystematic because changing nature of the context, arriving to different conclusions, difficult to investigate causality, there will be obstacles while explaining the difference in the quality and quantity of information obtained from different respondents and arriving at different, non-consistent conclusions, researchers are required to have a high level of experience, and lacking consistency and
Qualitative research aims to gather information from data collection methods and transform it into written words. Such as transcribing recorded interviews, taking field notes from observations, using words to outline images (Denscombe, 1998, p. 174). On the other hand, quantitative research aims to gather information from data collection methods and transform it into numbers. Such as analysing conducted surveys and pulling numbers to transform it into statistics, tables and graphs (Denscombe, 1998, p.174-177).
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
As indicated, research requires a process in order to collect data and analyze the data to come to a correct conclusion. Quantitative research is different from the qualitative research as researched above. Quantitative research focuses on amounts or quantities of one or multiple variables (Leedy, & Ormrod, 2010). To further explain, Fischler (2010) states, “a type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions; collects quantifiable data from participants; analyzes these numbers using statistics; and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner” (p. 12). In order to utilize this philosophy, the problem needs to be clearly identified, data needs to be collected and analyzed in order to come to a solid evaluation or conclusion.
This chapter will provide knowledge and understanding of the research process that was carried out, before revealing the results. Methodology is the foundation on which a researcher bases their work. This process is fundamental to the research project as a whole as illustrated in Ryan et al (2002): ‘the process of research is as important as the output’ (p.2).
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
Quantitative research may be seen as the less contentious of the two because it is more closely aligned with what is viewed as the classical scientific paradigm. Quantitative research involves gathering data that is absolute, for example numerical data so that it can be examined as unbiased as possible. The main idea behind quantitative research is that it is able to separate things easily so that they can be counted. The researcher generally has a clear idea of what is being measured before they start measuring it, and their study is set up with controls. Qualitative research on the other hand is a more subjective form of research, in which the research allows themselves to introduce their own bias to help form a more complete picture. Qualitative research may be necessary in situations where it is unclear of what is exactly being looked for in a study, while quantitative research generally knows exactly what it is looking for. Questionnaires and surveys are quantitative socio-legal research, because it is the collection of numerical data, or data that can be easily being turned into a numerical form. In terms of analysing quantitative data, Excel is the b...
Quantitative research involves the collection and converting of data into numerical form to enable statistical calculations be made and conclusions drawn. It provides a measure of how people think, feel or behave and uses the statistical analysis to determine the results. However, this measurement results in numbers, or data, being collected, which is then analyzed by using quantitative research methods (Byrne, 2007).
We believe it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative research have many benefits and many costs. In some situations the qualitative approach will be more appropriate; in other situations the quantitative approach will be more appropriate.
Conforming to (Creswell,2009) research method as a systematic inquiry aimed at providing information to solving a problem however for this research various research method was carried out namely qualitative, convenience sampling, triangulation, focus group, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Since the research involves the collection of data in natural settings and making sense of it an interpretive naturalistic and ethnographic approach to the world (Denzin and Lincoln,2005), which is logical would be used to develop insight into the needs of the student on how best to approach the research based on human experience. Qualitative research is a more compelling data gathering method than quantitative
Qualitative studies are slightly different in that they do not use large cohorts and they are not analyzing large data sets. Qualitative studies also look to answer question “why”. They use smaller numbers but go more in-depth with the small group they have. “In contrast, qualitative research involves looking at characteristics, or qualities, that cannot easily be reduced to numerical values. A qualitative researcher typically aims to examine the many nuances and complexities of a particular phenomenon” (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010, p. 94). Qualitative and Quantitative studies can be used separately or together in a mixed methodology.
...ve and quantitative methods to conduct a successful research. But, both qualitative and quantitative research is based on assumptions, and both when carried out accurately provide good research.
It is very important to find the appropriate literature related to the research before starting it. It will be useful to know the previous articles related to research and their results. This will help us in understanding existing techniques and their drawbacks in a better way, so that we can improvise those techniques or overcome the drawbacks with new techniques in our research.
The study is conducted only one developed country like Canada and one developing country like Bangladesh. Moreover, the study of comparison might be more comprehensive and representative if it could have been done more developing countries and developed countries in the world. Non availability of secondary data was also a constraint. Data were collected over two-year period that did not reflect the impact of changed of time.