Introduction
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent disorders in the US, affecting about 1 in 3 adults. Since uncontrolled blood pressure has been linked to consequences such as stroke, congestive heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, it poses considerable risk for a significant portion of the population. According to the American Heart Association, hypertension was responsible for 46,284,000 ambulatory care visits in 2007; and it is estimated that this condition will be either directly or indirectly responsible for $76.6 billion in health care costs in 2010.9 The morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled hypertension make initiatives to improve the quality of care in this area important in any outpatient practice.
The LCME encourages medical schools to provide service learning opportunities for students, many medical schools have opted to support student run clinics as part of their service learning and today there are over 110 Student Run Clinics throughout the United States.12 The Student Family Health Care Center (SFHCC) is the student run free clinic at The New Jersey Medical School in Newark, NJ that has been in existence since 1967. The care provided at the clinic includes management of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and many other chronic diseases, with hypertension being the most common diagnosis. The patients come from the city of Newark and the surrounding area. Most are uninsured and between the ages of 18 and 65.
In 2003 The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) was released. Since then, it has become the most widely accepted guidelines for managing hypertension and is the guideline that i...
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.... Heart disease and stroke statistics 2010 update. A report from the American heart association. Circulation 2010; 70-78.
10. Milchak JL, Carter BL, Ardery G, et al. Physician adherence to blood pressure guidelines and its effet on seniors. Pharmacotherapy 2008: 28: 843-851.
11. Philips LS, Branch WT, Cook CB, et al. Clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med 2001: 135: 825-834.
12. Simpson SA, Long JA. Medical student-run health clinics: important contributors to patient care and medical education. J Gen Intern Med 2007;22:352-6.
13. Umscheid CA, Gross R, Weiner MG, et al. Racial disparities in hypertension control, but not treatmen intensification. Am J of Hypertension 2010; 23 (1): 54-61.
14. Viera AJ, Hinderliter AL. Evaluation and management of the patient with difficult-to-control or resistant hypertension. American Family Physician 2009; 79(10): 863-869.
As early as the 1800s clinicians began to take a closer look at elevated blood pressure levels, they soon found high correlation between hypertension, stroke, and other heart diseases. They also established that high levels of blood pressure effected both privilege and underprivileged, and within the years they have noted the disease have become more prevalent in the African American culture. Long term studies, such as randomized controlled trial studies, unveiled
Many health disparities within races in the U.S. are considered to be not fully explained by commonly blamed causes such as socioeconomic status, income, and health status. In fact, research suggests that implicit bias in health care providers plays a role in these disparities since implicit bias to race can affect not only the clinical decision but also treatment(Brooks KC. 2015.) Some articles I read in the past also suggest another mechanism that chronic stress caused by constant prejudice in daily lives of minority people would activate HPA axis that regulates stress hormone and end up with hypertension, which is disproportionately common among minorities in the
"Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health." Public Health Reports. July/August 1998: 372 EBSCOhost. Available <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/login.html>. (11 February 1999)
The causes of hypertension are unknown. However; hypertension can be classified into two categories primary and secondary. Primary (essential) hypertension is increas...
NATIONAL KIDNEY FOUNDATION., 2004. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in Chronic Kidney Disease [online]. [viewed 20 February 2016]. Available from:
Hypertension is a developing problem worldwide，associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In 2020, the world population will be approximately 7.8 billion people, and there will be 1 billon people who may be affected by hypertension (Tomson & Lip, 2005). One in three adults in the United States has high blood pressure. According to the report “Health, United States, 2010 with Special Feature on Death and Dying,” the prevalence of hypertension among adults 20 years old or older increased from 24% to 32% during 1988-1994 and 2005-2008. The African-American population has a higher prevalence of this health condition than white Americans do. In 2005 to 2008, the prevalence of hypertension among black males (41.4%) was more than 10%, compared to white males at 31.5% of the population. The hypertension rate of black females was more than twice that of white females. The death rate from hypertension among black males was 51.8 per 100,000, and among black females was 40.4 per 100,000; however, the morta...
Lee, D. E., & Cooper, R. S. (2009). Recommendations for Global Hypertension Monitoring and Prevention. Current Hypertension Reports , 444-449.
The morning started slowly, with a 63 year old woman with a history of hypertension, back in the office four months after her pills ran out. Her blood pressure, not surprisingly, was high. The doctor reminded her, wearily, to call the office for refills. She nodded. "Compliance," he told me, as we left the exam room, "is our biggest problem."
The aim of this assignment is to discuss blood pressure and its relation to its contribution and relevance to contemporary professional nursing practice.
WILLIAMS, P and POULTER NR et al (2004) Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society. British Hypertension Society, pp. 139-85
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed hypertension or high blood pressure a global public health issue (World Health Organization, 2013). Not only does hypertension affect over 1 billion people worldwide but in the Unites States alone, about 76.4 million Americans over the age of 20, equating to about 1 in 3 adults, have hypertension (AHA, 2012). This growing health condition occurs when an individual’s blood pressure when the heart beats (systolic) is higher than 140 millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) and their blood pressure when the heart relaxes (diastolic) is 90 mm Hg or higher (AHA, 2012). The higher the blood pressure means more force is used to pump blood from the heart to arteries, which causes several health problems (AHA, 2012). For instance, the increased force stretches out blood vessels which may lead to tears and ruptures (AHA, 2012). This can also form blood clots that can stop blood from reaching other parts of the body which can cause other organs, specifically the heart, to become overworked (AHA, 2012). Unfortunately, hypertension is also known as a “silent killer” as it does not cause any symptoms (World Health Organization, 2013). If left untreated, hypertension can lead to cardiovascular disease and other fatal health consequences, such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure (World Health Organization, 2013). In fact, the WHO estimates that hypertension accounts for 9.4 million deaths each year (World Health Organization, 2013).
According to (Horacio J. Adrogué, 2007) “Hypertension affects approximately 25% of the adult population worldwide, and its prevale...
High blood pressure is a common problem across the globe. For instance, in England a lone, almost 30% of the population suffer from this condition. However, most people aren’t aware that they are suffering from this condition which is very sad. Remember, if this condition is left untreated, then the victim is at a risk of suffering from the following:
Developmental: The participants present recognized the need to improve their lifestyle in order to prevent hypertension. Those with risk for and hypertension have implemented changes in their eating habits, and started exercising. The individuals in this group are looking for improvement, because they recognize they are getting older and with age come dysfunctions in body functions.
Schnall, P., Landsbergis, P., Belkic, K., Warren, K., Schwartz, J., & Pickering, T. (1998). Findings In The Cornell University Ambulatory Blood Pressure Worksite Study: A Review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 697.