High Blood Pressure: A Public Health and Healthcare Success 1. How does this history of high blood pressure demonstrate the problem description and etiology components of the P.E.R.I.E. process? What different types of studies were used to establish etiology or contributory cause? As early as the 1800s clinicians began to take a closer look at elevated blood pressure levels, they soon found high correlation between hypertension, stroke, and other heart diseases. They also established that high levels of blood pressure effected both privilege and underprivileged, and within the years they have noted the disease have become more prevalent in the African American culture. Long term studies, such as randomized controlled trial studies, unveiled …show more content…
lower levels of hypertension being associated with a reduction of the disease and other contributing factors. (page 169) 2. How does this history of high blood pressure illustrate the evidence-based recommendations and implementation and evaluation components of the P.E.R.I.E. process? The previous studies have not only shown the strong correlation between low levels of blood pressure and other disease, but also some recommendations and interventions that could reduce the incidences of the disease. The studies have shown that by altering lifestyle changes the patient can reduce the average levels of blood pressure. (page 169). The patient could also successfully manage the disease by monitoring their levels as well as making the appropriate changes. 3. Explain the justification for updating the definition of what is considered a “healthy” blood pressure level. Through the years the average blood pressure reduced from 140/100 to 120/80, due to follow-up studies and numerous patients demonstrating signs and symptoms of stroke and heart disease at levels slightly above 120/80. (page 169) 4. How does this history of high blood pressure demonstrate the application of the four criteria for a successful screening program? Explain. The history of hypertension can be applied to the four criteria for a screening program.
For example: if hypertension goes untreated then it could potentially lead to stroke, heart attacks, and untimely death. Early detection and improve patient outcomes by educating the patient on lifestyles changes and effective drug treatment. It is important for the patient to alter their eating habits, as well as their sedentary lifestyles and monitor their blood pressure levels. Feasible and affordable screening approved by the patient is also important: for example, electronic monitoring can make it easier for the patient to obtain their levels without causing harm and cost effective. (page 125) 5. Using the four quadrants of cost and effectiveness, how would you classify treatment of hypertension for the average person? For those with diabetes? Explain. I would classify hypertension and diabetes as both being cost effective or decreased costs and increased effectiveness according to the four quadrants. (page 128). It is more cost effective for these patients to monitor and treat rather allowing the illness to spiral out of control that could create more expensive treatment (page 169). A patient could save money by buying a portable electronic monitor, commit to exercising, and limiting salt and other dietary recommendations. It is important for the patient to take control of their illness and learn ways to reduces any adverse effects to improve
outcomes.
Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. A poor diet that is high in salt and fat and low in nutrients for the body and stress from her job are contributing factors of Vicki’s diagnosis of hypertension. This paper will discuss the diagnostic testing, Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, the prognosis for hypertension, appropriate treatment for Vicki, patient education, and potential barriers to therapy that Vicki may experience.
If we were to apply a longitude exposure study over the span of 42 years from the time an inner-city child is born, we may conclude that life experiences resulting from potential malnutrition, underprivileged environments, and overall lack of health education are the leading contributors to adult African American deaths. Studies show that 8 of the 10 leading causes in the deaths of African Americans are medical disease, which with proper education and care may have been prevented and/or addressed earlier in their life to diagnose and treat. The fact is Heart Disease is the leading cause of deaths for African Americans. When compared to other ethnicities, some form of heart disease causes 24.5% of African American deaths. These numbers are astounding considering Blacks make up approximately only 14.2% of the total U.S. population. The contributing factor is lack of knowledge and family medical screening. Understanding the history of your genial line specific to your race and ...
There was a series of people used in this experiment to look at blood pressure. The first step was to take the subjects normal blood pressure, then after showing them a scary clip retakes the blood pressure. While taking blood pressure consider age, weight, family history, commitment and gender to see if the subject has low or high blood pressure normally. After receiving all the data the charts that were made were based on age and gender.
Experts are now looking into how socioeconomic disadvantages and lifestyle factors may add to these risks. African-Americans are more likely to: be sensitive to the effects of salt on blood pressure, be overweight/obese, and are more likely to have a family history of diabetes. Other things that may make up for the difference in high blood pressure risk are: less access to health care and health care information, lower levels of education and income, lack of resources for a healthy lifestyle, stressful lifestyle from things such as unemployment and living in neighborhoods with noise, violence, and poverty, smoking and diets high in salt, fat, and sugar, and low in vegetables and fiber. There are interventions that have proven to reduce the
Key priorities in controlling high blood pressure can be done through patient education. This is around the time of diagnosis, outlining the causes of high blood pressure and how it can be controlled. By emphasising blood pressure does not have to control you, you can control your blood pressure (Blood Pressure, UK). Also providing dietary advice regarding healthy eating. A food management plan from a healthcare professional outlying foods to eat and avoid. Lots of fruits and vegetables and less saturated fats.
The causes of hypertension are unknown. However; hypertension can be classified into two categories primary and secondary. Primary (essential) hypertension is increas...
Heart disease is of utmost and imperative concern in the United States. It stands at the top of the list for causes of death in the U.S., and it can be absolutely devastating (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). In part one of the health disparities paper, disparity in relation to heart disease was pointed out in those of low socioeconomic status and/or minorities. Part two of this paper has been streamlined towards a more specific minority: African Americans women. The reason for focusing on the African American women population is that there is a huge amount of disparity seen specifically in this group. As of 2009, African Americans as a whole had 30% more of a chance of dying from cardiovascular disease than Caucasians (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Office of Minority Health [OMH], 2012). The rate of Cardiovascular Disease in African American women specifically is higher at 48.9% than the rate of CVD in African American men at 44.4%, showing even greater disparity in African American women (American Heart Association, 2013). The goal of this paper is to identify and appraise two different articles surrounding this topic. Both articles involve an intervention in which similar community prevention programs were implemented in hopes to reduce the risk of CVD in African American women.
As many as 73 million Americans have high blood pressure. Of the 1 in every 4 adults wi...
Umscheid CA, Gross R, Weiner MG, et al. Racial disparities in hypertension control, but not treatmen intensification. Am J of Hypertension 2010; 23 (1): 54-61.
Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure about 25% of all adults have high blood pressure, normal blood pressure in an adult is measure is less than 120/80 the top number is known as systolic and the bottom diastolic any reading above this is known as hypertension. If the blood pressure is regularly high this can damage to the blood vessels kidney, heart and other parts of the body which can result in a stroke or heart attack, causes of high blood pressure may be more than one thing for example too much salt in a person’s diet, being overweight, not eating enough fruits and vegetables and other life factors like stress. It is known that doctors are not too sure of the causes but the lifestyle of a person can have an effect. As you get older you’re more at risk of getting high blood pressure (hypertension), but taking part in exercise can help reduce your changes and control your blood pressure if you have already been diagnosed with high blood pressure. Read in blood pressure “the American heart association estimates that a third of adults have a high blood pressure and that in America high blood pressure killed over 55,000 people in 2005 alone” (Davis,2013)
The aim of this assignment is to discuss blood pressure and its relation to its contribution and relevance to contemporary professional nursing practice.
...s. The medical institutions with diabetic supplies should intervene and reinforce continual education and medical support while the research centers should be encouraged to invent new drugs to treat diabetes.
are about 1.5-2.0 greater in African Americans than the white population” (p.165). Hypertension is a multifactorial disease by which there are several aspects that causes hypertension. According to Ferdinand & Saunders (2006), "causal factors have been identified in African Americans as obesity, physical inactivity, excess alcohol intake, excess dietary sodium, and inadequate dietary intake of potassium, fruits, and vegetables" (p. 23). Other factors that will cause hypertension in African Americans include race, age, gender, stress, family history of hypertension, socioeconomic status, and lack of awareness about hypertension. There is no definite cause as of hypertension; however, African Americans have several contributors that will lead to hypertension. As a result, many of these factors may lead to vital health
There are three issues when it comes to the health care cost rising. The first is the rising cost in prescription drugs. The second area of rising cost is the increased technologies when it comes to the medical industry. The third problem is the aging population. Prescription drugs are the area of the fastest growing health care expense, and it is projected to grow at 20 to 30 percent each year over the next several years. There are many newer, more expensive drugs on the market, and the use of these prescriptions is exploding. In addition, with so much television advertising, many consumers ask their doctors for expensive, brand name drugs when there may actually be a generic drug that works just as well.
People at risk for developing hypertension are overwhelmingly African-Americans. Nearly 50% of African-Americans will be diagnosed with hypertension. The American Heart Association reports that in 2009, 18.5 people out of 100,000 died from hypertension. Of these deaths, the majority were African-American (AHA, 2013, p. 2). These statistics make hypertension treatment a priority for this population.