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Theories of early childhood education
Why child development theories are important in early childhood
Influence of hereditary and environmental factors on the growth and development of a child
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Recommended: Theories of early childhood education
Early Childhood: A look in the three aspects of its development. When you’re a parent, it’s common to worry if your child is developing accordingly, but more exclusively if your child seems to be delayed from other children in their age group. Every stage of development happens differently for every child, but learning to detect these skills or behaviors that are associated with each stage could be beneficial to you and your child in the long run. The three common domains of development are physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. Throughout this paper I will try to help get a different outlook and a possible understanding of the development stage of early childhood (ages 2-6). Unfortunately, I do not have any children of my own yet, but I do …show more content…
This includes the components of where a child can establish their distinct, unique personality and are able to understand the difference of male and female. Erik Erikson’s research considers the influence of how parents and other external factors evolves a child’s personality. In Erik Erikson’s theory, he believes that all humans go through eight phases throughout their entire life. According to Erikson, during the early childhood development, a child passes through three phases. These three phases include the toddler (Autonomy v. Shame), preschool (Initiative v. Guilt), and elementary school (Industry v. Inferiority). You should be able to tell the difference of a child who is brought up in a healthy or unhealthy environment. Toddlers will take pride in their actions or they will throw temper tantrums. Preschoolers will take responsibility or accuse others for their behavior or actions. And children in the elementary school phase will either be successful or unsuccessful when learning new abilities. In his work, Erikson was trying to point out that “Each stage is an emotional crisis or a turning point, in personality, and the crisis in each stage must be successfully met for normal, healthy psychological development.” (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. …show more content…
My sister started teaching him before he started the reading and writing process. He took it on quickly and didn’t get frustrated during the time she spent with him. She started by teaching him the alphabet. When she felt that he understood it, she went on to learning simple words like his name, Gabe. When she started putting letters together, he would say the name instead of the letter she would be pointing at. But he eventually understood and went on to preschool where the teacher became impressed that he knew how to write his name so perfectly. This improved his self-esteem and made him confident to where he helps his fellow
Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory, and “he describes our social experiences during our whole life span using eight different stages” (Cherry 2015). The first four stages are “trust vs. mistrust; which describes how the child needs to be able to trust their adult figures, autonomy vs. shame and doubt; which is about person control, initiative vs. guilt; which is about children learning to lead others, industry vs. inferiority; which is about gaining a sense of pride in things” (Cherry 2015). The final four stages are “identity vs. confusion; which begins the sense of self, intimacy vs. isolation; which explores personal relationships, generativity vs. stagnation; which focuses on career and family, and the final stage being integrity vs. despair; which describes reflecting back on life” (Cherry
Brazelton, T. B. & Sparrow, J. D. (2001) Touchpoints: Your Childs’s Emotional and Behavioral Development Perseus Publishing, Cambridge: MA
Erikson’s theory, developed in 1963, supports the idea that early life experiences impact an individual across their lifespan. This theory considers that the growth of an individual is a result of interaction with the environment, biological maturation and societal influences, therefore, allowing for experiences from early life, to influence an individual throughout their lifespan (White, Hayes, and Livesey, 2009). Erikson’s theory focuses on eight different developmental stages within a lifespan and in order to progress from one stage to another, an individual must overcome a potential crisis of two opposing forces at each stage. There are two types of resolution of each stage, successful and unsuccessful. If an individual is
Erik Erikson formulated a model to understand the developmental tasks involved in the social and emotional development of children and teenagers which continues into adulthood. Each stage is regarded by Erikson as a “psychosocial crisis,” which arises and demands resolution before the next stage can be satisfactorily negotiated. Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a
2. The quality of the parent-child relationship was so important to Erikson because he believed that the infancy stage was the most critical stage of development. Parents allow their children to adventure out and examine the limitations of their abilities in a reassuring environment. In stage 1 (Trust versus Mistrust) Erikson would have encouraged the basic strengths of making sure that the parents were consistent with meeting the needs of their children. During the second stage (Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt) Erikson encouraged the parents to support the independence of their child and allow their children to make their own choices. Also in this second stage Erikson encouraged the parent not to be over-bearing and not allow the child to be independent and to be more dependent on the parent. During the third stage (Initiative versus Guilt), Erikson would encourage the parent to let their child examine and explore and let their child know that they should make suitable decisions. The last stage, stage 4 which is Industry versus Inferiority. Erikson encourages the parent to give their child positive reinforcement when they are performing different activities such as writing and
Psychosocial stage of development The theory of personality of Erik Erikson is among one of the most important theories used to explain how people develop their personality. Although a psychoanalyst, Erikson not merely considered the psychosexual aspect as the mere factors that contributed to the development of individuals’ personality, but also took into account the psychosocial aspect. Erikson divided personality development into eight stages: basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role diffusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair, (Cervone & Pervin, 2013; Johnson & Ahmad, 2014; Maitland, 2011). According to this theory, I have been greatly influenced by the stage four: industry vs. inferiority.
Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell, p.35-36)).
During the state that Freud considers the oral stage, Erikson says that babies learn to trust or mistrust someone to care for their needs. Erikson next stage which is paralell to Freud’s anal stage called the autonomy vesus shame and doubt. During this particular time, children either learn to become self sufficent or lack confidence in their own abilities. Next stage is the initiative versus guilt stage. In my opinion, this stage determines the maturity and influence of a person’s parents. With Freuds and Erikson ideas both in mind, the industy vs inferiority stage is similar to the latency. During adolescenes, according to Erikson adolescents try to figure out who they are sexually, politicall and vocationally. The next stages of itimacy versus isolation is a build on from the previous stage. During this time, a person has pretty much accepted who they are and accepted or isolated from others. The next two stages reaches beyond the depth of Freud’s ideas. According to Erikson, generativity versus stagnation develops which occurs during the middle age of adulthood. While in this stage, a person with find a way to be productive or contribute to others or become complacent and stagnate with their lives. The final state in Erikson idea is the integrity versus depair stage. It is in the time that a person
Erickson highlights that your ego helps develop your skills, ideas and your attitude through each of his eight stages of development. Erik Erikson says to help the younger generation grow successfully they need to members of society. Each one of Erikson's stage he has put a psychological conflict that will help a child develop into a reasonable adult. He explains, that the first stage, happens from birth to a year and a half old referred to as the Trust v. Mistrust. Throughout this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world they live in.
Erik Erikson was a psychologist made famous for his ideas on psychosocial development. “Identity crisis” is a term he coined within his career describing what results from an unsuccessful completion of a psychosocial stage of development. In Erikson’s theory, children advance following an order that is predetermined. He focused less on cognitive development and more so on how one relates with others in social interactions. Each stage of Erikson’s theory of development has one of two outcomes. A wholesome identity ensues when completion happens within a stage along with effective communication with others. When a stage is not completed successfully, the individual may become “stuck,” but may complete the stage at a later time. The first stage in Erikson’s theory is trust versus mistrust. A child comprehends the meaning of trust in others by trusting his or her caregiver. This stage begins at birth and lasts to one year of age. In the event that trust successfully develops, he or she attains security within the world and is able to maintain this security even when threatened. If this stage is not completed, it may result in a marked inability to trust and perception that the world is inconsistent, resulting in anxiety, mistrust, and insecurities. Autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs between the ages of one and three. This is when a child begins to assert his or her independence through separation from caregivers, choosing his or her own toy, and making choices about what he or she prefers. If an individual in this stage is supported in his or her increased individuality, he or she will develop secure in his or her survival. If an individual is condemned, excessively controlled, or is not allowed to assert his or her desires, he or...
In the developing stages of a child, psychological factors play a huge role in th...
The outcome of the first psychosocial stage significantly influences the internal crisis of the second stage. This second stage is more socially referred to as the child's "independence stage" or "terrible two's." According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this second stage begins at 18 months and persists until the third year of child development. During this development stage, the child struggles with another internal crisis, in which Erikson identified as "autonomy versus shame and doubt." Building off the foundation developed in the first stage, a child begins to analyze their surroundings. If those surroundings are ideal for a healthy development, a child will learn independence. In which they will initially start actively venturing out
An educator who wants to work with infants takes a while to become an excellent teacher. Educators need to make sure that they keep up on the training so that they get the most out of designing a developmentally age appropriate curriculum. New educators should have, in my opinion, a great education, some good methods on how to observe children correctly, and some experience with job shadowing an early childhood educator in a K-3 classroom before they start their journey on becoming an excellent teacher for the rest of their life.
There are many documented theories about early childhood development, contemporary research still concurs with some of these theories. It suggests, however, that we should be thinking more holistically, taking into consideration; respect for diversity, the wider community and equity, play based curriculums, intentional teaching and ongoing reflective practices when planning for optimal educational experiences for children (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2009). I acknowledge that ongoing professional learning and reflective practices are a key element of the Early Years Learning Framework (DEEWR, 2009). I accredit working and collaborating with other teachers, families and local communities collectively contribute
Personality involves a blend of characteristics that make one unique. In reviewing personality, we consider the influence of the interactions that one is engaged in, the nature or the environment of one's upbringing and genetics. The characteristic traits may change over time while some of them becoming a lasting part of a person’s personality. In this essay will analyze the theories that relate to the character and the various stages that children undergo during development. We will use the same theories and developmental stages in analysis my progress from childhood up to date.