When discussing the interactions within different systems which were discussed in Chapter 1 of the text, you a left with complex yet systematic avenues to which an individual’s development can be affected. In order to fully understand the interactions of individuals on a day to day basic, it is imparative that we first understand that people and everything around them are in constant change. Rather those changes are internal or external, we must be able to identify these systems, which intel will help us with the understanding of human development. Urie Bronfenbrenner provided future phychologist with a bases that would easily help define these changes or stages connected you human growth. Ecological-systems approach give us the foundation …show more content…
Both Freud and Erikson theories are based on the psychoanalytic theory which according to Kathleen Berger is “a grand theory of human development that holds that irrational, unconsicious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior. When comparing the two theoris, we must first understand what the key factor of each theory are. Freud’s theory generally focuses on the sexual pleasures (psychosexual) in according to different parts of the body which are broken down into four stages. In the first stage which involves the mouth (oral stage) babies tend to suck, nibble and feed for stimulation. The second stage is center around the anus (anal stage) which is when the baby starts learning about pleasurable sensations and potty training. The third stage is the phalic stage, which concentrates on genital stimulations. The next stage is latency. During this time, school work and sports become the center of their stimulation. The last stage is the gential stage. This is when young people looks for relationships along with sexual partners. What unique about this stage is that it last throught a persons entire adulthood. Using Freud’s ideas, you would have to blame the fact that smokers that are addicted to cigerettes may have had some complications dealing with the oral stage. Basically, you can …show more content…
During the state that Freud considers the oral stage, Erikson says that babies learn to trust or mistrust someone to care for their needs. Erikson next stage which is paralell to Freud’s anal stage called the autonomy vesus shame and doubt. During this particular time, children either learn to become self sufficent or lack confidence in their own abilities. Next stage is the initiative versus guilt stage. In my opinion, this stage determines the maturity and influence of a person’s parents. With Freuds and Erikson ideas both in mind, the industy vs inferiority stage is similar to the latency. During adolescenes, according to Erikson adolescents try to figure out who they are sexually, politicall and vocationally. The next stages of itimacy versus isolation is a build on from the previous stage. During this time, a person has pretty much accepted who they are and accepted or isolated from others. The next two stages reaches beyond the depth of Freud’s ideas. According to Erikson, generativity versus stagnation develops which occurs during the middle age of adulthood. While in this stage, a person with find a way to be productive or contribute to others or become complacent and stagnate with their lives. The final state in Erikson idea is the integrity versus depair stage. It is in the time that a person
Schuster, C. S., and Ashburn, S. S., (1980). The Process of Human Development: A Holistic Approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company Inc.
One of Freud's followers, Erik Erikson, developed his own theory called the psychosocial theory. Similar to Freud's theory, psychosocial theory also has a series of developmental stages. For example, in adolescence where Frued deems it to be the genital stage, Erikson calls this stage Identity vs. Role Confusion. The psychosocial theory focuses more on a series of choices an individual has to make throughout their life, each choice leads them to develop differently.
Sigmund Freud is credited with the establishment of the psychoanalytic theory. At the foundation of Freud's personality theory is that people are basically an energy system through which energy is directed and released through a means of expression that faces the lease resistance. Another aspect of Freud's theory is that the majority of one's development occurs in the early years of life, up until the age of five. There are three main stages: oral, anal and phallic. These may eventually become exemplified as types of adult personalities. Additionally, people's actions are ...
“ By the late 1930s, he had outlined four developmental stages-infancy (oral, anal, genital), latency, puberty, and adult heterosexual adjustment.”(Capps, 2004) Erikson wanted to build on Freud's early psychosexual stages by adding psychosocial stages that covered the full life cycle. In Erikson's opinion Shakespeare had risen above Freud in developmental matters because Shakespeare had covered development from infancy till death and he also believed that Shakespeare's stages were represented in social-ethical terms rather than sexual. Erikson wanted to go beyond Freud and Shakespeare in the developmental process. Although without Freuds model of psychosexual stages Erik Erikson believed that he would never have been able to create his own life cycle schema. With the addition of the eighth stage Erik Eriksons original life cycle work was taking on creative new dimensions. Erikson himself thought that he was only beginning to get a sense of the vast complexity of human life and it upset him when people attempted to describe human life in general limited terms. In Eriksons opinion human life was complex and had no limits. In Eriksons life cycle schema he insisted that all stages of development are present from birth and remain thoughout an individuals life time. It was not very clear
Freud’s theory is based on the idea that ones personality is derived from conflicts that stem from both our conscious and unconscious mind. To better understand how these conflicts arise he divided the mind into theoretical categories which include the id, ego, and superego.
In Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, individuals can obtain unhealthy personalities as a result of how they were treated during each stage of their development. These stages are not in chronological order, but essential to development. I agree with Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development because it outlines specific stages everyone goes through in life and attaches a virtue. The theory is specific but not so definite that it cannot appeal to everyone’s personality development in some way. (Engler, 2014). Unlike Freud's stages of psychosexual development, Erikson does not limit these stages to a specific year of life, rather he uses stages such as infancy and
We then move onto the next stage bringing along the knowledge of the stage before and influencing the way that we carry ourselves. Erikson’s stages of personality development are different than Freud’s because one is social and the other is sexual. Erikson believed that the stages were connected to socialization and to move on from one stage to the next you had to pass the last stage. In Freud’s work he believed it had to do with sexualization and each stage had something to do with a sexual feeling. Both Erikson and Freud believed in the imperatives of the unconscious mind as part of the development (Education Portal,2014). I can identify more with Erikson’s stages for my life and can apply it to the lives of my children better than that of Freud’s. We thrive best on routine and that affects the outcome for each stage. We have not gotten stuck in any one stage and have continued to develop along the timeline set forth by Erikson. We all get along with others and have easy going attitudes and none of us feel that we are better than anyone else. We are all
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory labeled this period of life the latency stage, a time when sexual and aggressive urges are repressed. Freud suggested that no significant contributions to personality development were made during this period; therefore, middle childhood was not considered an important stage in human development according to Freud’s analytical theory. However, more recent theorists have recognized the importance of middle childhood for the development of cognitive skills, personality, motivation, and inter-personal relationships. Erikson's conception of middle childhood is the industry/inferiority stage were children begin to develop an attitude about themselves, develop self-esteem, internalize society's standards, and develop an evaluation of socially relevant emotions of shame and pride.
Freud has always been on of my favorite theorist, He was never afraid to think outside the box and propose something unimaginable. Freud, as a psychosexual analyst had a very unique way of looking at humans and their actions. According to Freud 's theories, everyone 's actions were driven by a sexual desire whether it was suppressed or not. While Freud did focus a lot on the sexual drive behind people 's actions, his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality focused on sexual aberrations rather than normality. The essays covered a wide spectrum of topics including: sexual object, sexual aim, and many perversions.
A theory is a set of statements that describes, explains and predicts human behavior. Development of behavior starts during the prenatal stage up to late adulthood. Three theories that help describe behavior are the perspective of Freud, Erikson and Paget’s. All three theories have several similarities as well as differences. By comparing I hope to gain a better understanding of all three theories.
In time, my experience molded my psyche through a childhood occurrence that coincides with Erikson’s view of psychodynamic theory. His theory suggests that the groundwork of behavior is motivated by inner forces or conflicts beyond people’s awareness and control. Freud’s focus within the psychodynamic theory was the emphasis of the psychosexual development (pleasure focuses on a particular biological function and body part) which encompassed five stages throughout childhood. My experience that made me who I am today started during adolescence, and his stages ended at that age. Freud 's elements of the id, ego, and superego affected how I interpreted the scene. At the site of my dad losing consciousness made me want to run and hide on instinct,
Developmental psychology is an area of research dedicated to the understanding of child-development. Throughout history many theories have been used to attempt to explain the complex process. Two of those theorists, Freud and Erikson, were instrumental in creating a foundation for child-psychology to build on. From a Freudian perspective, human development is centered on psychosexual theory. Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development. Alternatively, Erikson is considered a neo-freudian scholar who developed psychosocial theory. In Erikson models there are eight major conflicts that occur during the course of an individual’s life.
Theorists have expanded our knowledge of psychology, influenced one another to broaden, and built upon each other’s theories to develop their own. One theorist who has built upon previous theorists was Erik Erikson. Erikson developed an eight-stage theory of identity and psychosocial development, which has countless strengths and weaknesses.
Freud viewed the entire human psyche from a sexual perspective. He defined the unconscious as a collection of repressed personal material. He believed that behaviors are controlled by the unconscious mind, which could be understood through dreams and free association. (Lothane, 2006, p.295-296). He theorized that the human mind had three basic components: the id, the ego, and the superego, and these individual parts often conflict, shaping personality and if not treated, causing neurosis (Schultz & Schultz, 2012, p. 321-323). He stated that therapy could repair narcissism that stemmed from low self-esteem, through transference as patients begin to get the things they missed. Freudians believe there are two basic conflicting drives in a person: the life drive and the death drive. The life drive supports survival by avoiding uncomfortable and life-threatening situations while the death drive desired extreme pleasures that to death (Reppen, 2006, p. 215-216).
Erikson’s developmental theory was very detailed as compared to Freud. His theory describes the influence of social experiences in one’s life; however Freud described development based on sexuality. Another major difference between Freud and Erikson’s developmental theory is the end result of the stages. Freud believed that when fixation occurs in one stage, the problems occur associated with that stage would be permanent. However Erikson claims that the outcome of a particular stage is temporary and can be altered by experiences in later years.