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Factors affecting child development at prenatal stage
Developmental milestones of prenatal
Factors affecting child development at prenatal stage
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Premature Rupture of Membranes
1. Definition:
• Often referred to as PROM (Premature Rupture of Membranes).
• It is the rupture of membranes after 37 weeks gestation, yet prior to the onset of labor
• Most women will end up going into labor on their own within 24 hours
2. What are the causes/risk factors:
• The actual cause is left unknown
• Risk factors include: o Infection of the uterus, cervix, and vagina o Amniotic sac stretches too much because of an increase of fluid or pressure from carrying more than one baby o History of premature rupture of membranes in the past o History of surgery or biopsy on the cervix o Smoking o History of sexually transmitted infections o Low socioeconomic status o Inflammation/infection of the membranes
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(2016). Medscape: Premature Rupture of Membranes. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/261137-overview#a2
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2016). MedlinePlus. Medical Encyclopedia: Premature Rupture of Membranes. Retrieved from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000512.htm
Hill, A., M.D. and Medina, T.M., M.D. (2006). American Family Physician. Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: Diagnoses and Management. Retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0215/p659.html
Moldenhauer, J.S., M.D. (2016) Merck Manual. Professional. Gynecology and Obstetrics.
Abnormalities and Complications of Labor: Premature Rupture of Membranes. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/abnormalities-and-complications-of-labor-and-delivery/premature-rupture-of-membranes-prom
Doenges, M., Moorhouse, M.F., Murr, A.C. (2013). F. A. Davis. “Nurse’s Pocket Guide:
Diagnoses, Prioritized Interventions, and Rationales.13th ed.” pp.
We can organize information regarding this case study by using the Four Topics Method beginning with the Medical Indications. Maria, a 20-year-old female, has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. She has a history of Sickle Cell disease and is currently twenty-five weeks pregnant with her first child. Initially Maria presents with somewhat stable vital signs. She displays tachypnea, and complains of severe abdominal cramping as well as weakness, light-headedness and left shoulder pain. She is neurologically intact with lung sounds that are within defined parameters. Maria’s condition changes and she begins to display signs and symptoms of internal bleeding. This is a life threatening condition. The problem is critical and can be reversed with a transfusion and surgery. The goal of transfusion would be to replace blood loss and restore vascular volume and the goal of surgery would be to repair the bleed. If the bleed is corrected in a timely manner and without complication, the probabilities of success are somewhat high. There is no plan in place to account for therapeutic failure. Medical care in this instance could not only save the life of this patient but also that of her unborn child. Further harm to Maria and her baby could be avoided if she would agree to the treatment.
Eden, Elizabeth. "HowStuffWorks "Pregnancy Complications in Older Mothers" HowStuffWorks. N.p., 16 Nov. 2006. Web. 11 Apr. 2014.
The Bishop score is a pelvic scoring system developed to make it easier to determine whether a multiparous woman was a suitable candidate for induction of pregnancy. Although the information in the Bishop score was known by many obstetricians for many years, Edward H. bishop is credited because he pulled the pieces together and formed an organized system accompanied by research and statistics to back up his findings. His paper is called the “Pelvic Scoring for Elective Induction”. In this paper, Bishop describes basic minimal requirements that must be met before any patient can be considered for elective induction of labor (1964).
...regiver sees signs of separation, they could ask you to push gently one more time to help get the placenta out. After the placenta is out you are completely done with the process of giving birth.
Deering, S.H. (2004). Abruptio placentae. Department of obstetrics and gynecology: Madigan army medical center, 2, 3.
Obstetric Ultrasound -- a Comprehensive Guide to Ultrasound Scans in Pregnancy. Mar. 2006. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. .
Getahun, Darios, Yinka Oyelese, Hamisu M. Salihu, and Cande V. Ananth. "Previous Cesarean Delivery and Risks of Placenta Previa and Placental Abruption." Obstetrics & Gynecology 107.4 (2006): 771-78. Print.
"If it is related to giving birth check out Ina May's guide to child birth (Find it Here)"
This occurs when the fetal head is in the wrong position. It can also be caused by damage to the muscles of the neck or the neck of the blood supply problems.
The mother may has to go through unexpected labor pain during labor, which is pacified by induction
...side begins to grow and develop at six weeks the baby is only five eights of an inch in measurement. As the months go on the baby goes thru many changes as well as the mother and her body. The mother may tend to get ill at times or may be fine during her pregnancy. There are also reports that the father may become ill at times as well along with the mother, this is common in men.
eclampsia in a pregnant woman can put her and her unborn child at risk. A risk
These complication can be devastating for a woman who is now having a child. Placenta Previa is when the placenta partly or fully covers the opening of the cervix (“Placenta Previa”). The most common symptom is painless bleeding (Cunningham et al. 801). Placenta Previa can result in hemorrhage and preterm labor (“Placenta Previa”). Your chances of Placenta Previa increase 7-15 fold after you obtain an abortion (“Abortion Risks”).
Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is generally defined as a blood loss of more than 500 mL after a vaginal birth, more than 1000 mL after a cesarean section, and a ten percent decrease in hematocrit levels from pre to post birth measurements (Ward & Hisley, 2011). An early hemorrhage occurs within 24 hours of birth, with the greatest risk in the first four hours. A late hemorrhage happens after 24 hours of birth but less than six weeks after birth. Uterine atony—failure for the uterine myometrium to contract—is the most common postpartum hemorrhage (Venes, Ed.).(2013). Other etiologies include lower genital tract lacerations, uterine inversion, retained products of conception and bleeding disorders (Kawamura, Kondoh, Hamanishi, Kawasaki, & Fujita, (2014).
Sepsis is a “cunning, insidious and non-specific illness” (Raynor, 2012) but progression can be rapturous with a sudden catastrophic circulatory collapse and mortality up to 50%. (Angus et al., 2001) Over five million cases arise per year of maternal sepsis, resulting in an estimated 62,000 maternal deaths globally (WHO, 2008) During the 18th and 19th century, puerperal sepsis resulted in 50% of maternal deaths over Europe (Loudon, 2000). The World Health Organisation (WHO) defined puerperal sepsis as ‘infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the rupture of membranes or labour, and the 42nd day postpartum, of which two or more of the following are present: pelvic pain, fever 38.5C or more, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal smell of discharge, and delay in the rate of reduction of size of uterus (less than 2 cm a day during the first 8 days)’ (WHO, 1992).