Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Disorders In Pregnant Women
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are disorders in pregnant women. Pre- eclampsia is hypertension and eclampsia is the worsening of pre-eclampsia where the woman experiences convulsions or goes into a coma. The complication of eclampsia in a pregnant woman can put her and her unborn child at risk. A risk that may be fatal. This is only to briefly define the disorders.
Furthermore, I predict that women who have suffered from eclampsia do need future medical help due to the permanent damage caused in the physiological make up of the body. I will prove this by means of statistics, nationwide studies, and explaining the damage to the body.
To give a complete definition of eclampsia we must define pre-eclampsia.
Pre-eclampsia does not have chronic hypertension but becomes hypertensive in late pregnancy. With pre-eclampsia a woman doesn't experience a coma or convulsions, her blood pressure returns to normal after delivery. Although the majority of women who experience pre-eclampsia never get eclampsia-if the blood pressure gets out of hand suddenly, the disease may progress to eclampsia.
Eclampsia is pre-eclampsia that has progressed to the point of convulsions and possible coma. Resulting in retardation for the child with lack of oxygenation and other proteins to fetus.
A term that must be known is chronic hypertension due to increased pressure in the arteries and often associated with atherosclerosis (collections of fatty substances on the inside wall of the arteries). It is not caused by pregnancy, but may cause problems if a woman with chronic hypertension becomes pregnant. It has an unknown cause. 15% of the time chronic hypertension is secondary to a primary problem-that is a renal disorder, heart disease, endocrine disorder or some other condition is the cause of the hypertensive disease. Women with chronic hypertension who become pregnant are in high risk.
Because of arterial narrowing the blood supply to the uterus is compromised and growth and oxygenation of the fetus are jeopardized. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are also likely to develop, with characteristic tissue swelling and proteinuria. In extreme full flown eclampsia ( convulsions or coma) may occur.
Women with chronic hyperten...
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...to the uterus is compromised and growth and oxygenation of the fetus are jeopardized. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are also likely to develop, with characteristic tissue swelling and proteinuria. In extreme full flown eclampsia ( convulsions or coma) may occur.
Women with chronic hypertension are at higher risk for fetal growth retardation, stillbirth and 4 to 5 grater risk for placental abruption. About 15% of women with chronic hypertension with experience pre-eclampsia next to their usual chronic hypertension.
To show how eclampsia is related to physics we must look at the fact that eclampsia primarily comes about from hypertension. The swelling occurs: when there is high quantity of sodium; H2O is attracted into the veins. The walls of the veins are permeable to H2O at this point, starving the rest of the cells of the body from water that later leads to seizures, weakening the brain cells.(Just one example) When there are weak cells the functions of the body seem to break down, affecting not only the mother, but the fetus as well.
Hypertension forms like this: there is direct proportion between pressure and volume--when there is a large volume ther
results in the need for more blood. Since more blood is needed to fill the
Atherosclerosis begins when the inner wall of the artery becomes damaged and cholesterol and fatty plaques begin to lodge in the arteries. Damage to the endothelial wall inside the artery can be caused by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia (“Subclinical Atherosclerosis..” 443). When this happens, the immune system responds by sending monocytes to the damaged area. The monocytes turn into macrophages; their job is to eat up the excess cholesterol and unblock the artery. The macrophages are unable to digest all of the cholesterol, and as a result turn in to foam cells. When many macrophages are turned into foam cells, plaque results, and protrudes into the arterial wall, restricting blood flow and raising blood pressure (“Atherosclerosis Growth Process.” 8). If the plaque becomes too large it may break, releasing plaque into the blood. This can cause a great reduction in blood flow or a clot, resulting in stroke or myocardial infarction (“Stroke Risk.” 3).
Estimate frequency of multiple conceptions, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, Pre-eclempsia, preterm delivery and different modes of delivery in these pregnancies.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of multifactorial chronic heart disease. It is a consequence of plaque buildup in coronary arteries. The arterial blood vessels, which begin out smooth and elastic become narrow and rigid, curtailing blood flow resulting in deprived of oxygen and nutrients to the heart [1].
Getahun, Darios, Yinka Oyelese, Hamisu M. Salihu, and Cande V. Ananth. "Previous Cesarean Delivery and Risks of Placenta Previa and Placental Abruption." Obstetrics & Gynecology 107.4 (2006): 771-78. Print.
Coronary heart disease is defined by the hardening of the epicardial coronary arteries. The buildup of plaque in the arteries slowly narrows the coronary artery lumen. In order to better understand the physiology of the disease, it is important to first know the basic anatomy of the human heart. The aorta, located in the superior region of the heart, branches off into two main coronary blood vessels, otherwise known as arteries. The arteries are located on the left and right side of the heart and span its surface. They subsequently branch off into smaller arteries which supply oxygen-rich blood to the entire heart (Texas Heart Institute, 2013). Therefore, the narrowing of these arteries due to plaque buildup significantly impairs blood flow throughout the heart.
I start my journey in bone marrow. Have you ever seen how flexible bone marrow is!?! It’s really exciting. I form from hemocytoblast which takes about 2 days. The body makes about two million red blood cells every second. So there’s a lot of me to go around. I finally get to leave and make my way through the veins capillaries along with my buddy plasma. We take up most of the room since there’s so much to go around, but on my behalf those guys aren’t that big to begin with. Eventually I go to what I like to call the big brother of the vein capillaries the arteries. Those are so much bigger but they do more work and they are stronger the capillaries are nowhere near as strong! I eventually make my way to your heart! If you close your fist, that’s about the average size of your heart. The heart pumps about 2,000 gallons (7,571 liters) of me a day through its chambers, no you don’t have the much of me in your body but it pumps me over and over. Your heart receives me already oxygenated in the same way your brain, foot and the rest of your body do: through an artery. Now although the h...
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAD. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by fat deposits in the arteries causing them to block the normal passage of blood. No one is quite sure how atherosclerosis develops. The plaque consists mostly of cholesterol, phospholipids and smooth muscle cells. They also reduce the size of the lumen of the affected artery which impairs the blood flow of this artery and later on could form a thrombus that will completely occlude the vessel. “Unfortunately, signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis usually don’t develop until at least 70% of an artery’s lumen has become obstructed. Angina is almost always the first symptom to appear.”(Journal: The killer behind CAD,2010). Modifiable factors that could prevent the occurrence of CAD include cigarette smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, atherogenic diet like diet high in cholesterol, use of contraceptive and hormone therapy replacement. “Women continue to ...
Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the blood—mainly carbon dioxide—diffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t...
Cardiovascular disease is developed by a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the blood vessels, which typically takes years to accrue (World Health Organization). The development of the fatty-acid deposits can occur due to an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and a harmful intake of alcohol. The behavioral risk factors listed above account for about 80% of cardiovascular disease, with the other 20% being cause by fixed risk factors (age, gender, race).
Pregnant women have to be careful while pregnant. They have to watch out for various speed bumps. There are tons of toxins that can hurt the baby in the womb. The mother is responsible for most of these, after all she is the one who is carrying the baby. Many of these factors can result in death. It is really sad that it has to end that way some of the time. The worst toxins for a baby to encounter while in the mother’s uterus are different types of drugs and alcohol. Those two things can could serious problems for the infant once it gets into their system. They enter into the baby’s bloodstream from the mother, and cause problems from there on out.
• Get proper medical care during pregnancy. Your health care provider may be able to prevent preeclampsia or diagnose and treat it early.
Chambers, C. D., Polifka, J. E., & Friedman, J. M. (2008). Drug safety in pregnant women and their babies: ignorance not bliss. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 83(1), 181-183.
After obtaining approval from our Institutional Review Board and written informed consent, 80 parturients with mild preeclampsia between 18-40 years old were included in this randomized, double-blind study. The study was done at Saad Specialist Hospital, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia between March 2012 and December 2013. Any parturient diagnosed as mild preeclamp...