The end goal of this lab was to observe and compare the rate of reactions when they are affected by protein catalysts (enzymes) and non-protein catalysts under varying conditions. The reaction occurred the fastest when the liver and potato was crushed up to increase the surface area between the enzyme and the substrate. This proved the following hypothesis correct: it was hypothesized that if the liver and potato are broken up into smaller pieces, then the rate of reaction will increase because the surface area between the enzyme and its substrate will be increased, allowing the reaction to take place faster. This data fits with the induced fit model of enzymes because the more active sites that the substrates can react with, the faster the …show more content…
105-106). It was hypothesized that if the hydrogen peroxide was exposed to the liver, the hydrogen peroxide would decompose faster than the hydrogen peroxide exposed to the potato because complex organisms (like mammals and birds) require more ATP energy and therefore have an increased rate of cellular respiration, producing more hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct (Marziali, 2009). So, the enzymes in a complex organism are more likely to be able to decompose the hydrogen peroxide. This proved true in this lab, however, the enzyme in both potato and liver is the same, so it must be a different factor such as enzyme concentration that caused a different rate of reaction to be observed between the liver and the potato (Nuffield Foundation, 2011; Eed, …show more content…
This did not prove true as the reaction occurred the fastest at 37°C, the second fastest at 0°C, and the slowest at 100°C. When further research was conducted it became apparent that catalase denatures at 55°C and therefore could not effectively decompose the hydrogen peroxide in the experiment at 100°C (Clyde, 1950). On the other hand, there should not have been a significant difference between the sample at 0°C and the sample at 37°C because catalase is limited by the diffusion rate of hydrogen peroxide which is a process not heavily affected by temperature (Nicholls & Hewitson, n.d.). It was hypothesized that adding new enzymes will have no effect because the enzymes are not used up in the reaction, however, adding new hydrogen peroxide will cause an increase in the rate of reaction because there will be more products to react. This was proven true in this lab and fits the induced fit theory of enzymes and the basic chemical understanding of catalyzes (Clark, 2013; Giuseppe et al., 2002,
This indicated that the effect of high temperature on the activity of peroxidase was irreversible and so if the optimum temperature was restored the enzyme activity will not increase again because denaturation resulted in a permanent change in the shape of the active site of the peroxidase enzyme. In conclusion, the results of this experiment supported the hypothesis that enzymes including peroxidase enzyme are sensitive to temperature changes[George
Living organisms undergo chemical reactions with the help of unique proteins known as enzymes. Enzymes significantly assist in these processes by accelerating the rate of reaction in order to maintain life in the organism. Without enzymes, an organism would not be able to survive as long, because its chemical reactions would be too slow to prolong life. The properties and functions of enzymes during chemical reactions can help analyze the activity of the specific enzyme catalase, which can be found in bovine liver and yeast. Our hypothesis regarding enzyme activity is that the aspects of biology and environmental factors contribute to the different enzyme activities between bovine liver and yeast.
Catalase is a common enzyme that is produced in all living organisms. All living organisms are made up of cells and within the cells, enzymes function to increase the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes function to create the same reactions using a lower amount of energy. The reactions of catalase play an important role to life, for example, it breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Our group developed an experiment to test the rate of reaction of catalase in whole carrots and pinto beans with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Almost all enzymes are proteins and proteins are made up of amino acids. The areas within an enzyme speed up the chemical reactions which are known as the active sites, and are also where the
The alternate hypothesis is that there exists an optimal temperature for catecholase enzyme in which the catecholase enzyme can operate with the highest possible activity.
The optimum temperature for peroxidase activity, 23°C, was determined by taking the highest rate of absorbance of the four temperature reactions
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to explore the different factors which effect enzyme activity and the rates of reaction, such as particle size and temperature.
Background information:. Enzyme Enzymes are protein molecules that act as the biological catalysts. A Catalyst is a molecule which can speed up chemical reactions but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Enzymes catalyze most of the metabolic reactions that take place within a living organism. They speed up the metabolic reactions by lowering the amount of energy.
Purpose: This lab gives the idea about the enzyme. We will do two different experiments. Enzyme is a protein that made of strings of amino acids and it is helping to produce chemical reactions in the quickest way. In the first experiment, we are testing water, sucrose solution, salt solution, and hydrogen peroxide to see which can increase the bubbles. So we can understand that enzyme producing chemical reactions in the speed. In the second experiment, we are using temperature of room, boiling water, refrigerator, and freezer to see what will effect the enzyme.
This enzyme speeds up the break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, as enzymes are biological catalysts. [IMAGE]The reaction: Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Catalase -------- [IMAGE] 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Apparatus: Hydrogen Peroxide, Several sticks of celery, Stand, boss and clamp, 100ml conical flask, 25cm3 burette, 1800cm3 beaker, Rubber bung with delivery tube, Distilled water, Large container filled with water, 10cm3 measuring cylinder, 10cm3 syringe, 20cm3 syringe, Blender, Knife, Ceramic tile, Electronic balance (correct to 2 decimal places), Sieve, Stopwatch/timer. The variables: There are many possible variables in this investigation, such as pH, temperature, the concentration of substrate and the concentration of the enzyme.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This means that the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from being broken down because they will not 'fit' into the enzyme.[IMAGE] Objective I am going to find out how the concentration of the substrate, hydrogen peroxide affects the reaction in the catalase inside the potato cells.
Many factors, for example, pH and temperature affects the way enzymes work by either increasing the rate or determining the type of product produced (). The report, therefore, analyses the effects of the enzyme peroxidase in metabolic reactions and determining its optimum temperature in the reactions.
Introduction / Background Information. This is an experiment to examine how the concentration of the substrate Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme Catalase. In this experiment I will be using yeast as a source of catalase. Enzymes are catalysts which speed up specific reactions. Enzymes such as catalase are protein molecules, which speed up a specific reaction within the cell.
The Effect of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Between Catalase from a Potato and Hydrogen Peroxide
Comparing the Reaction Rates Between Potato and Hydrogen Peroxide Against Liver and Hydrogen Peroxide Through Loss in Mass
Enzymes are protein molecules that are made by organisms to catalyze reactions. Typically, enzymes speeds up the rate of the reaction within cells. Enzymes are primarily important to living organisms because it helps with metabolism and the digestive system. For example, enzymes can break larger molecules into smaller molecules to help the body absorb the smaller pieces faster. In addition, some enzyme molecules bind molecules together. However, the initial purpose of the enzyme is to speed up reactions for a certain reason because they are “highly selective catalysts” (Castro J. 2014). In other words, an enzyme is a catalyst, which is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without undergoing changes. Moreover, enzymes work with