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Reactions using enzymes
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How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This means that the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from being broken down because they will not 'fit' into the enzyme.[IMAGE] Objective I am going to find out how the concentration of the substrate, hydrogen peroxide affects the reaction in the catalase inside the potato cells. I shall be measuring how much gas is given off. This will be done by measuring the amount of froth on the surface of the liquid. The oxygen released is collected in the form of these bubbles. The equation for the reaction is: (catalase) [IMAGE] H2O2 2H2O + O2 (hydrogen peroxide) (2 part water) (oxygen) I will change the concentration of H2O2 and O2 (making sure the volume stay the same, when one part of a H2O2 particle is taken, an O2 particle is added. Prediction As the levels of H2O2 increase, gas is produced faster and in a greater quantity. This means that the height of the froth will increase. The froth is produced due to the gas as it bubbles from the potato slice. This gas is given off as a waste product from the reaction where H2O2 (substrate) breaks down the enzymes in the potato. If I were to roughly plot a graph for the reaction, it would look like this, [IMAGE] The graph shows that as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is increased the more oxygen is given off. This is because there is more hydrogen peroxide to be broken down by the enzyme and with more hydrogen peroxide in the reaction, more oxygen is released.
The Effect of Temperature on the Activity of the Enzyme Catalase Introduction: The catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide (H²0²), a vigorous reaction occurs and oxygen gas is evolved. This experiment investigates the effect of temperature on the rate at which the enzyme works by measuring the amount of oxygen evolved over a period of time. The experiment was carried out varying the temperature and recording the results. It was then repeated but we removed the catalase (potato) and added Lead Nitrate in its place, we again tested this experiment at two different temperatures and recorded the results. Once all the experiments were calculated, comparisons against two other groups were recorded.
Investigating the Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Reaction. Planning -Aim : The aim of the experiment is to examine how the concentration of the substrate (Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2) affects the rate of reaction. the enzyme (catalase).
The purpose of this assessment was to research, design and conduct an experimental investigation on the effect of substrate concentration (manipulated by increasing concentration of pH buffer) of catalysed reactions by measuring the volume of oxygen produced as the reaction proceeded.
How does the temperature (-2°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 60°C) affect the production of oxygen (cm3) from cow hepatic (the enzyme catalase) when placed in boiling tube with 10 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute?
3. The higher the concentration of the enzyme the more there are to catalyze the reaction. Taking information from graph 1 (change in mL of enzyme), the more mL of enzymes that there are the faster the reaction rate is. It would increase until there was no substrate left available for a reaction.
Investigating the Effect of Enzyme Concentration on the Hydrolysis of Starch with Amylase Aim: Investigate the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction. Using amylase and starch as my example. Introduction: I am investigating the effect of the concentration of the enzyme, amylase on the time taken for the enzyme to fully breakdown the substrate, starch to a sugar solution. The varied variable will be the concentration and all other variables are going to be fixed. The different concentrations will be: 0.5% 0.75% 1.0% 1.5% 2% An enzyme is a class of protein, which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction with its substrates.
I am going to use a range of concentrations to enable me to get a good
The reason for this is that the energy being supplied to the enzyme begins to effect its stability. The energy supplied begins to make the atoms which make up the enzyme move and vibrate rapidly, at a certain point the enzyme atoms are vibrating at such a rate that the bonds that hold the active site together, such as the disulphide and hydrogen bonds are broken and the shape of the active site changed. This is vital as the Hydrogen peroxide substrate can no longer bind with the catalase enzyme and react. The activity of the catalase is dependent on the balance of increasing
Investigating the Effects of Different Concentrations of Sucrose Solution on Potato Cells Aim: to investigate the different effects of various concentrations of sucrose solution on potato cells. Introduction: Osmosis is a special type of diffusion. Osmosis happens when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. A selectively permeable membrane has holes in it which are just big enough for water molecules to pass through, but not the much larger sugar molecules. Water moves across the membrane from a weak solution (high concentration of water molecules) to a stronger solution (lower concentration of water molecules).
Jim Clark. (2007). The effect of changing conditions in enzyme catalysis. Retrieved on March 6, 2001, from http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/enzymes2.html
This hurdle is called the activation energy of the reaction. [IMAGE] By decreasing the activation energy, more substrate is changed to product in a certain amount of time. That is, the enzyme increases the rate of the reaction. [IMAGE] The activity of catalase can be measured by finding the rate of which the oxygen gas is released from the breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide.
potato cells. In order to find the best way to do this experiment I am
In essence, the main objective was to use chemical titration to measure and then calculate the rate of conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen by using the enzyme catalase. Other purposes of the lab were; to measure the effects of changes of temperature, pH, enzymes concentration, and substrate concentration on rates of an enzyme. The lab was also an opportunity to see a catalyzed reaction in a controlled experiment. And the last objective was to learn how environmental factors affect the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
The Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide and Speed of The Rate at Which It is Broken Down by Catalase
Cell sap is contained in the vacuole of a cell and is a part glucose,