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Postpartum depression investigation
Postpartum depression investigation
Effects of postnatal depression on the mother
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Abstract Despite the physical changes that a woman is to expect during her pregnancy, a major concern that requires attention is a period of expected feelings of depression that a woman may encounter known as baby blues. Although normal, and expected baby blues can lead into post partum depression that involves a myriad of emotions and mood swings. If not addressed postpartum depression can lead to a more severe form of baby blues known in the clinical world as postpartum non-psychotic depression that requires professional intervention. The therapeutic goal during this time is to prevent the new mother from committing suicide where she poses a danger to both herself and her newborn. Positive therapeutic methods of communication allows the new mom to be exposed to an environment that allows her to address negative feelings, and stressors so that postpartum non-psychotic depression does not have a chance to develop. Keywords: Postpartum depression, baby blues, postpartum non-psychotic depression. Therapeutic Communication and Post Partum Depression Introduction The Human being is a most intriguing subject of study. From their impressive communication skills to their problem solving ability, time and time again they stand out as being an intelligent species that is diverse and responsive to their environment. One particular aspect that makes them most attractive is their ability to adapt to change and stress. Pregnancy is a great example that displays how the woman’s body adapts to major physical, psychological, and emotional changes that occur almost concurrently. These changes trigger an untidy heap of powerful emotions. From excitement and joy to fear and anxiety for both the expecting mom and her ... ... middle of paper ... ...rg/afp/990415ap/2247.html Tamparo, T. C., & Lindh, Q. W. (2000). Therapeutic communications for health professionals, (2nd ed). DesMoines, Washington: Delmar Thomson Learning. Schmitt, J.W. (2009). U.S. Department of health and human services, office on women’s health Retrieved from http://womenshealth.gov/faq/depression-pregnancy.pdf Frank, J, Trupin, S.R., Talavera, F., Shulman, L.P. (2009). National women's health information center: Postpartum depression. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/postpartum_depression/article Depression during and after pregnancy. National Institutes of Health. http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/depression-pregnancy.cfm. Accessed March 10, 2010. Mayo Clinic, Post partum depression, (2010). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/postpartum-depression/DS00546
After giving birth, women will have hormonal oscillations (Rosequist). In the meanwhile, their bodies are getting back to their normal state, however if that “blues” does not go away, it can evolve in a deep depression. As she recalls, saying: “And yet I cannot be with him, it make me so nervous”(Gilman), it is obvious that Post-Partum depression is the cause of her poor attachment with the child; the mother can be hazardous to the baby; mood swing occur, and in extremes circumstances, about 1 in 1,000, it can bring psychotic indications (Hilts). If this condition if left untreated, it can cause serious psychological and physical damages. Treatment would include anti-depressants and therapy. This can also trigger other types of mental
Knowing the symptoms of postpartum depression is critical for a young mother's discovering that she may have the depress...
A Woman's Struggle Captured in The Yellow Wallpaper Pregnancy and childbirth are very emotional times in a woman's life and many women suffer from the "baby blues." The innocent nickname for postpartum depression is deceptive because it down plays the severity of this condition. Although she was not formally diagnosed with postpartum depression, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) developed a severe depression after the birth of her only child (Kennedy et. al. 424).
Pregnancies are often correlated with the assumption that it will bring happiness to the household and ignite feelings of love between the couple. What remains invisible is how the new responsibilities of caring and communicating with the baby affects the mother; and thus, many women experience a temporary clinical depression after giving birth which is called postpartum depression (commonly known as postnatal depression) (Aktaş & Terzioğlu, 2013).
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, The Yellow Wallpaper, portrays the life and mind of a woman suffering from post-partum depression in the late eighteenth century. Gilman uses setting to strengthen the impact of her story by allowing the distant country mansion symbolize the loneliness of her narrator, Jane. Gilman also uses flat characters to enhance the depth of Jane’s thoughts; however, Gilman’s use of narrative technique impacts her story the most. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses interior monologue to add impact to Jane’s progression into insanity, to add insight into the relationships in the story, and to increase the depth of Jane’s connection with the yellow wallpaper it self.
Up to 80 percent of new mothers experience some kind of depresson up to one year after giving birth. Known to most as the "Baby Blues" a mild depression that if continues can be come something much more powerful and even more dangerous. In some women they may experience psychosis, where in some cases they try to kill their children.
Schetter, C. (2009). Stress Processes in Pregnancy and Preterm Birth. Current Directions In Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 18(4), 205-209. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01637.x
Having a child can be the happiest moment of a person’s life. A sweet little baby usually gives new parents tremendous joy. That joy can be accompanied with anxiety about the baby and the responsibility the new parents are faced with. The anxiety, in most cases, fades and joy is what remains. For some new mothers, however, the joy is replaced with a condition known as postpartum depression. “Postpartum depression is a serious disorder that until recently was not discussed in public…Women did not recognize their symptoms as those of depression, nor did they discuss their thoughts and fears regarding their symptoms” (Wolf, 2010). As such, postpartum depression is now recognized as a disorder harmful to both mother and infant, but, with early detection, is highly treatable with the use of psychotherapy, antidepressants, breastfeeding, and other natural remedies, including exercise.
Each second of fetal development during pregnancy is of extreme importance. This period of prenatal development is a time of change and growth with many factors affecting all areas of growth. Different stimuli having long-lasting effects on development is a process known as programming. The goal of this first article, (put the name of the article here) is to look into the idea of programming and how the influence of stress effects prenatal development. It begins with a biological approach. Looking at the role of Glucocorticoids cortisol in fetal development, the article states that they play a critical role in development and are associated with the “hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, one of the body’s major stress responsive systems.” (Davis & Sandman, 2010) This cortisol increases in mothers over the course of pregnancy and is important in brain development in the fetus. While these Glucocorticoids are important and essential to prenatal development, overexposure can lead to negative effects, including emotional disturbances in early childhood, deregulated stress responses in infa...
It is important to understand what women commonly experience during pregnancy. With a better understanding of what happens during prenatal development and childbirth, physicians can competently develop the best plan for the mother and baby. I interviewed two women who have been previously pregnant in order to evaluate how the ideas in the book translate into real-life experiences.
PPD is sometimes known as Postpartum disorder or Postpartum depression; affects roughly. 9 to 80% of women after childbirth. PPD can normally arise within four weeks after giving. birth and it can even happen subsequently, much later in the same year. Men were also found.
Postpartum depression affects 8-15% of mothers within a few days or weeks after giving birth. Some mothers experience a mild form of this disorder, while others experience a more rare and intense version. This intensified postpartum depression is known as postpartum psychosis. According to the Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, Nau, McNiel, and Binder (2012) express “Postpartum psychosis occurs in 1-2 of 1,000 births and frequently requires hospitalization to stabilize symptoms.” These symptoms include: Hallucinations, restlessness, disturbed sleep, insomnia, drastic mood or behavior change, delusional thinking, thoughts of suicide or death, and extreme depression. In The Journal of Women's Health, Sit, Rothschild, and Wisner described postpartum psychosis as “an overt presentation of bipolar disorder that is timed to coincide with tremendous hormonal shifts after delivery”. Approximately 72%-88% of mothers who experience postpartum psychosis (PP) have bipolar illness, schizo-affective disorder or a family history of either which is why PP is classified as a psychotic disorder by the APAA.
Although a pregnant adolescent faces many stressors, which can translate into sundry psychological quandaries such as melancholy, the most consequential effects may pertain to the child. According to Steinberg (2011) children of adolescent mothers “are at a more preponderant risk of developing a variety of psychological and gregarious problems”; largely, due to being raised in a poor environment and/or a single parent household (p. 363). Psychological issues can additionally arise due to puerile parents interacting with their infant less often, which have a consequential effect on the child’s development (Steinberg, 2011).
Sable, M. & Washington, C. (2007). Social wellbeing in pregnant women. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 45(12), 24-32.
Poster, E. (1984). Human Responses to Child Bearing. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 6(3), 99. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.