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POSTPARTUM depression related literature review
POSTPARTUM depression related literature review
POSTPARTUM depression related literature review
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Postpartum depression is a serious mood disorder experienced by women after giving birth. This complex disorder can shatter mothers mind, body and spirit and end their dreams of what they expected motherhood to be. Health professionals estimate that between 15 and 20 percent of women who have recently given birth will be affected by postpartum depression (Stone, 2008). 700,000 new moms each year develops postpartum depression (Veng & Mcloskey, 2007). Postpartum depression affects more than just the mom. This debilitating disease affects family members too. This can be husbands, siblings and even extended family. Research shows that postpartum depression impacts the new born baby and the new born baby is at an increased risk for having behavioral problems and developmental delays (Wisner, 2002). It is crucial to know that postpartum depression can affect anyone. It has nothing to do with how strong a mother is or how well she is prepared for the arrival of her baby. Postpartum depression crosses all boundaries and it doesn’t matter if you are richer or poorer. It can strike anyone, and for that reason there has been a tremendous amount of publicity and research done versus years past. A portion of the stigma with having postpartum depression has disappeared, however it does still exist and many moms are afraid to say they are afflicted by this illness. The good news is that with a tremendous amount of media attention, comes awareness and awareness is the beginning process to diagnosing and treating new moms before this develops into something worse. Postpartum depression if left untreated can worsen expeditiously and affect everyone the depressed mom comes in contact with. Education is the key when it comes to know... ... middle of paper ... ...hs of pregnancy” (Babyzone, n.d.). These work by restoring the balance of chemicals in the brain. One of the reasons it is crucial to seek treatment right away is because the medicine can take 2-3 weeks to start working. It is crucial for mother to get diagnosed immediately so the symptoms do not worsen. Postpartum depression is a common and highly treatable disorder. Education is the key for affected family members as well as the patient. It is a disorder that crosses all boundaries and it is an illness that many mothers are embarrassed about having. There is a feeling of shame and guilt that accompanies this illness. However, once a mother recognizes a problem and seeks treatment and support from others there is a positive change and better appreciation for baby and life. The hopelessness is replaced with hope and excitement for the future.
Roca, Catherine. "Depression During and After Pregnancy." April 2005. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Online. http://www.4woman.gov/faq/postpartum.htm. (17 Nov. 2005)
After giving birth, women will have hormonal oscillations (Rosequist). In the meanwhile, their bodies are getting back to their normal state, however if that “blues” does not go away, it can evolve in a deep depression. As she recalls, saying: “And yet I cannot be with him, it make me so nervous”(Gilman), it is obvious that Post-Partum depression is the cause of her poor attachment with the child; the mother can be hazardous to the baby; mood swing occur, and in extremes circumstances, about 1 in 1,000, it can bring psychotic indications (Hilts). If this condition if left untreated, it can cause serious psychological and physical damages. Treatment would include anti-depressants and therapy. This can also trigger other types of mental
Knowing the symptoms of postpartum depression is critical for a young mother's discovering that she may have the depress...
Most symptoms that come with postpartum depression can be seen in the narrator throughout this story.
Pregnancies are often correlated with the assumption that it will bring happiness to the household and ignite feelings of love between the couple. What remains invisible is how the new responsibilities of caring and communicating with the baby affects the mother; and thus, many women experience a temporary clinical depression after giving birth which is called postpartum depression (commonly known as postnatal depression) (Aktaş & Terzioğlu, 2013).
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, The Yellow Wallpaper, portrays the life and mind of a woman suffering from post-partum depression in the late eighteenth century. Gilman uses setting to strengthen the impact of her story by allowing the distant country mansion symbolize the loneliness of her narrator, Jane. Gilman also uses flat characters to enhance the depth of Jane’s thoughts; however, Gilman’s use of narrative technique impacts her story the most. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses interior monologue to add impact to Jane’s progression into insanity, to add insight into the relationships in the story, and to increase the depth of Jane’s connection with the yellow wallpaper it self.
What would you do if your wife or your relative had postpartum depression after giving birth to her child? Would you try to help her by talking to her, or by taking her to a psychologist, or would you lock her in a house where she has no one to talk to and doesn’t get any professional help? Postpartum depression is a type of depression that occurs within three months following childbirth and symptoms can include delusions, hallucinations, marked illogical thought, thinking of suicide, and fear of hurting the baby (Dictionary of Psychology 551). Recent research shows that postpartum depression affects 10 percent of women in the months following the birth of a child (Depression Statistics: Women Fact Information).
The fear of childbirth is very common among many expecting parents. The thought of being able to cope with the pain, any childbirth-related injuries and even the possibility of needing a cesarean section is very intimidating for many. Not to mention everything that happens after the baby is born, such as being able to feed and nurture the child. Challenges can occur during and after pregnancy. Postpartum depression can arise after birth due to hormonal changes, psychological adjustment, and fatigue. Another challenge is breast-feeding; although it is very nourishing for your baby many women have problems dealing with this. Most parents are able to prepare themselves for pregnancy and raising a child, but what most expecting parents do
Postpartum depression is indeed a major psychological disorder that can affect the relationship between mother and baby. At this time, the cause of postpartum depression is unidentified, although several factors experienced during pregnancy can contribute to this disorder. Fluctuating hormone levels have been traditionally blamed for the onset of postpartum depression. Jennifer Marie Camp (2013), a registered nurse with a personal history of postpartum depression, states in the Intentional Journal of Childbirth Education that “current research demonstrates that PPD may be a compilation of numerous stressors encountered by the family, including biochemical, genetic, psychosocial factors and everyday life stress” (Camp, 2013, p. 1). A previous history of depression, depression during pregnancy, financial difficulties, a dif...
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a period of depression that follows childbirth and lasts more than two weeks. It is experienced by up to 15% of women in the first three postpartum months (Camp, 2013). PPD is well represented in all ages, races, and cultures. The causes of PPD are currently unknown. There are many factors that place patients at a higher risk of developing PPD. These factors include history of PPD, depression during pregnancy, family strains, anxiety, and lack of support.
Prognosis for treated hydrocephalus varies depending on the cause. If the child survives for one year, over 80% will have a fairly normal life span. Approximately one-third will have normal intellectual function, but neurologic difficulties may persist.
Some variations of hydrocephalus are present at birth, which may stem from “inherited genetic abnormalities”, “developmental disorders”, or possibly complications from premature birth (Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet, 2010). If the patient was born with hydrocephalus, the condition is called Congenital Hydrocephalus, whereas if the condition develops any time after birth it is known as Acquired Hydrocephalus (Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet, 2010). The symptoms of hydrocephalus change with age, and in infants the symptoms are the most prevalent because of the skull’s ability to expand. Besides the size of the head increasing, babies can also suffer from increase in sleepiness, seizures, vomiting, irritability, and “sunsetting” of the eyes which is when the
Such clearance is slower than the clearance achieved with HD but continuous treatment compensate for this clearance difference. In addition, it eliminates rebound effect of BCAA blood levels after HD and subsequent re exposure to potentially toxic BCAA levels. CVVHDF is well described as a well-tolerated procedure in children and neonates and also it does not induce any major hemodynamic disturbances. This has potential value in hemodynamically unstable neonate with cerebral edema during worsening MSUD (13). CVVHD should be administered as soon as possible in cases that do not respond to pharmacological and dietary therapy. Studies published in recent years report that CVVHD has more positive effects on prognosis in all inborn error of metabolism(14)(15), also it was observed that toxic metabolites decrease much faster rate with CVVHD compared with PD which shortens the overall dialysis duration(16) and positively affects the neurological outcome. Whenever available, In the neonates with metabolite crisis, CVVHDF is reported as an urgent treatment and may be first choice of
Advances in technology, neonatal care and treatments for preterm babies have greatly increased the chances for survival. Babies born before 37 weeks are still vulnerable to increased risk for death and to many short- and long-term effects of premature birth. Premature babies may have trouble breathing due to immature respiratory system. If the baby's lungs lacks of respiration from the lungs that can’t expand , then he or she may develop respiratory distress syndrome because the lungs can't expand and contract normally. Therefore heart problems can be another short term disease for premature babies. The most common heart problem are patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and low blood pressure. PDA is a persistent opening between two major blood vessels leading from the heart. This heart defect often closes on its own, left untreated it can cause too much blood to flow through the heart and cause heart failure. Brain problems for premature babies can be born develop, the greater the risk of bleeding in the brain, known as an intraventricular hemorrhage. Hemorrhages are mild and resolve with little short-term impact. Some babies may have larger brain bleeding which can causes permanent brain injury. These are just some of the short term
This type of therapy uses a magnet to activate the brain instead of electrical stimulation. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment is targeted to a specific spot in the brain and only lasts 30 to 60 minutes without the use of anesthesia. The required tool for this treatment is an electromagnetic coil, through which short magnetic pulses are sent through. The magnetic field involved with this brain stimulation therapy is about the same strength as an MRI scan. Some side effects of this therapy treatments ranges from mild headaches to possible seizures. Unlike the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, the next brain stimulation therapy is magnetic seizure therapy, which is where a magnetic pulse is used but is placed at a higher frequency in order induce a seizure. Because of a seizure being induce a patient must be anesthetized and given muscle relaxant. The goal of MST is to retain the effectiveness of ECT but also reducing the side effects that come along with it (NIMH,