Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Essays over hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalsis
Essays over hydrocephalus
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Essays over hydrocephalus
Some variations of hydrocephalus are present at birth, which may stem from “inherited genetic abnormalities”, “developmental disorders”, or possibly complications from premature birth (Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet, 2010). If the patient was born with hydrocephalus, the condition is called Congenital Hydrocephalus, whereas if the condition develops any time after birth it is known as Acquired Hydrocephalus (Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet, 2010). The symptoms of hydrocephalus change with age, and in infants the symptoms are the most prevalent because of the skull’s ability to expand. Besides the size of the head increasing, babies can also suffer from increase in sleepiness, seizures, vomiting, irritability, and “sunsetting” of the eyes which is when the
Based on the findings presented, Dr. Green made the correct diagnosis in predicting that this gentleman had a spinal cord injury.
ACHONDROPLASIA is known as being undersized, or less than 50in. in height. Having short limbs, a normal sized trunk, large head with a depressed nasal bridge and small face. This is a result of a disease in the thyroid gland. It can also be caused by Down syndrome or absorption, a cartilaginous tissue during the fetal stage. Hypochondroplasia, a mild form of dwarfism. Spinal tuberculosis and the deficiency of the pituitary gland secretions. Treatment with thyroxin or thyroid extract early in childhood results in normal growth and development. Somatrophin, also known as the human growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary. Respiratory problems start to occur in infants. Symptoms of problems include snoring and sleeping with neck in a hyperextended condition. The limbs have rhizometic shortening. The legs are straight in infantry but when a child. He begins walking they develop a knock-knee position. When the child continues to walk legs begin to have a bowed-leg look. Occasionally, these curvatures are fixed. As the child continues to walk the kyphosis disappears and the back assumes a lordotic posture. If a delay in child’s walking occurs, the spine should be monitored closely for signs of gibbous formation. In infancy, hypercephalus can occur. Infants head circumference should be monitored close . Monthly checks of head circumference must be monitored. Radiologic studies are indicated if head circumference raises to disproportionately, or if symptoms of hydrocephalus. Child’s pediatrician should have a copy of head circumference curves for children with achondroplasia. Radiologic procedures for dwarfism include head ultrasound, C-T scan, or MRI of the head. If intervention is necessary, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed relieving the pressure. Infants should also be monitored for foramen magnum compression. It is the opening at the base of the skull in which the brain stem and cervical spinal cord exit. When you have achondroplasia the foramen magnum is compressing the brain stem and spinal cord. Symptoms of narrowing include apnea the cessation of breathing and cervical myleopathy. C-T scans and MRI scans are done to examine the size of the infectious foramen magnum. A neurosurgical procedure called a foramen magnum decompression is executed to alarge foramen and alleviate further symptoms. Adolescents are at risk of getting lumbosacral spinal stenosis. The lumber spinal cord or nerve roots become compressed producing nerosurgical symptoms. Initial symptoms including weakness, tingling, and pain of the legs. Pain usually alleviated by assuming a squatting position.
The Complexity of Arnold-Chiari Malformation. To the medical doctor, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, which may have a genetic link, is characterized by a small or misshapen posterior fossa (the depression in the back of the skull), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid pathways and a protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils through the bottom of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal resulting in a multitude of sensory-motor problems and even some autonomous malfunctions (1). These symptoms can come in a variety of forms, which often makes a clinical diagnosis difficult. To the patient, this disorder can present not only physical difficulties but also mental distress.
The Brain plays a important role in our body, so in this lab we did a dissection of the sheep brain that is closer to the human brain. The steps we follow our teacher make every body couriose to learne about braine and see it structures before we remove the dura mater.We working in group lab and every body partecipation in the dissection of braine.
How is it diagnosed? • Usually before birth, around the second trimester, doctors can diagnose Sirenomelia through ultrasound or sonogram • Immediately after being born, doctors can tell if the baby has Sirenomelia through physical observation What are the possible complications? The severity of Sirenomelia varies among individuals. Many babies die during birth and those living can face long-term effects including: • Renal problems such as kidney failure or absence of either one or both kidneys • Cardiovascular problems such as Heart problems • Pulmonary problems include immature, small or abnormal lungs structures • Absent of bladder, large and small intestines and other organs • Abnormalities in upper extremity such as the brain, arms or spine • Inability to walk or move normally without the help of others • Present of urethral agenesis • Possible growth delay in the brain, arms or spine • Symptom How is it Treated?
The human immune system is an amazing system that is constantly on the alert protecting us from
During fetal growth, the neural tube can develop any number of abnormalities. These “malformations occur because the tube fails to close properly, because parts of it are missing, or because part of the tube is blocked” (neural tube defect, 2014). Ramírez-Altamirano et al. (2012) have stated that “the most common types of neural tube defect are anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, all of which represent 95% of the cases.” Anencephaly is the most severe form of neural tube defect. In this condition the cephalic portion of the neural tube fails to close properly, resulting in very little cerebral tissue forming. Infants born with this defect are usually stillborn or live for a very short amount of time. Spina bifida consists of “a group of malformations of the spine in which the posterior portion of the bony canal containing the spinal cord is completely or partially absent” (Frazier & Drzymkowski, 2013, p. 63). This condition typically affects the lumbar portion of the neural tube, a...
Firstly, there is various of sensing activities as in seeing and hearing as in a sense of understanding of what is seen and heard. Secondly the sense of feeling in numerous parts of the body from the head to the toes. The ability to recall past events, the sophisticated emotions and the thinking process. The cerebellum acts as a physiological microcomputer which intercepts various sensory and motor nerves to smooth out what would otherwise be jerky muscle motions. The medulla controls the elementary functions responsible for life, such as breathing, cardiac rate and kidney functions. The medulla contains numerous of timing mechanisms as well as other interconnections that control swallowing and salivations.
Girls with this syndrome may have many middle ear infections during childhood; if not treated, these chronic infections could cause hearing loss. Up to the age of about 2 years, growth in height is approximately normal, but then it lags behind that of other girls. Greatly reduced growth in height of a female child should lead to a chromosome test if no diagnosis has already been made. Early diagnosis is very importance in order to be able to give enough correct information to the parents, and gradually to the child herself, so that she has the best possibilities for development. Early diagnosis is also important in case surgical treatment of the congenital heart defect (seen in about 20 per cent of cases) is indicated.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide for which there is no cure. Many patients who survive from TBI may experience permanent cognitive loss, behavioral issues, and emotional disturbances, which require daily medical or social attentions.[1, 2] It is believed that over 2% US population is experiencing TBI-associated disabilities which create an annual burden evaluated at $60 billion on direct (medical service) and indirect (loss of productivity) costs.[3, 4] Traumatic brain injury is complex which consists of a mechanical trauma (primary injury) and a resulting biochemical cascade (secondary injury), and lead to a wide diversity of symptoms.[5]
An individual who is born with microcephaly has a small, elongated cranium. Microcephaly is a neurological disorder and
As Hill et al. puts it: “The enlargement of a tumor in a contained space leads to increased pressure throughout the entire cranial vault. As a result, . . . 10% [of patients] experience nausea and vomiting” (4). When this sort of force occurs in certain parts of a child’s brain, swelling will ordinarily occur, usually resulting in a major effect on the sides of the brain. It is rare for a child to experience all three symptoms (headache, vomiting, and inflation of the head). This situation occurs in one of ten children with brain tumors (Molineus et al. 308). Second of all, another recurrent sign of a brain tumor is a decrease in the amount of enthusiasm of a child. Numerous times, parents think that their child is not getting enough sleep, but this symptom is particularly significant in the diagnosis of brain tumors in children. Going hand-in-hand with low enthusiasm, a loss of weight is likely to occur as the amount of zest dwindles. Loss of weight usually does not denote that a child has a brain tumor, but, according to the study taken by Wilne et al., weight loss does occur in one out of every five children with a brain tumor. This weight loss might not be too noticeable in the beginning, but as the children
Hydrocephalus is a genetic disorder commonly described as “water on the brain.” In actuality, this is a condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear watery fluid that surrounds the space between the brain and spinal cord, in the brain. Normally, the production together with the absorption process of CSF is specifically balanced to ensure that the brain tissue remains buoyant, that nutrients can be delivered and waste removed, and that there is a compensation for changes in intracranial blood volume. Hydrocephalus blocks this balanced flow as well as absorption, and on account of CSF being produced continuously, 16 oz each day to be exact, the blocking creates a surplus of CSF resulting in the said pressure against the brain tissue. The surplus accretion of CSF additionally motivates ventricular dilation in which the gaps between the brain, known as ventricles, abnormally widen.
Kadhim, Hazim., (2005). Incongruent Cerebral Growth in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology, 20, 244-246.
Craniofacial deformities reveal eyes that are small with large inner epicanthic folds. The bridge of the nose is poorly developed. The ears are sometimes large and under developed. When baby is delivered, they may show signs of alcohol withdrawal, depending on the mother’s level of alcohol intake, with signs of delirium tremens. They are inconsolable, display weak grasps, and have difficulty in feeding/sucking.