Based on the data obtained, Table 1 shows that the polyester formed from ethylene glycol and phthalic anhydride formed a red/ violet/ brown color; it also had a hard/ solid viscosity and was brittle when pressure was applied. This type of result was expected from ethylene glycol because this sort of polyester is linear and results from each of the starting materials having 2 functional groups. It is also an example of a thermoplastic polymer, meaning that it is soft above a certain temperature, however, solidifies upon cooling. Table 1 also shows that the polyester formed from glycerol and phthalic anhydride had a brown color, a sticky/ solid viscosity, and did not break apart when pressure was applied. However, this result was not expected because the glycerol and phthalic anhydride polymer were supposed to be clear in color and have a hard/ solid viscosity. When phthalic anhydride and glycerol reacted, a cross-linked polyester with thermosetting properties was formed. The most likely reason that the polymer did not form properly could be due to not fully removing all of the water from the polymer. Table 2 shows that 174.5 inches of nylon-6,6 fibers were obtained. This is a large amount of fibers to obtain in this experiment and is an example of a step-growth polymerization. …show more content…
Also, another possible error could be that the organic and aqueous layer were agitated when making nylon-6,6. An improvement for this procedure could be to test the strength of the nylon-6,6 fibers. Another improvement for this procedure could be to add more NaOH to the hexamethylenediamine and adipoyl chloride solution in order to make sure that the chlorine is
barbier reaction: In a 50 mL round bottom flask that had a reflux condenser attachment, saturated ammonium chloride (5 mL), THF (1 mL), zinc powder (0.4 g), benzaldehyde (0.500 mL, 0.5225 g, 4.92 mmol), and allyl bromide (0.470 mL, 0.6533 g, 5.40 mmol) were charged with stir bar and stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. Diethyl ether (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The mixture was gravity filtered into a beaker that was topped with a watchglass. The filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was extracted with deionized water (10 mL) and diethyl ether (15 mL). The organic layer was placed into an Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was placed into a beaker, which was extracted with
Fire and thermal properties of PA 66 resin treated with poly-N- aniline- phenyl phosphamide as a flame retardant
In this work, the mechanical and barrier properties were examined for Polypropylene (PP) film in which the surface of the film was modified by Oxygen plasma treatment. The PP film was treated in various intervals of time of 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 240 s and 300 s with three various RF power settings of 7.2 W, 10.2 W, 29.6 W. The contact angle was measured to characterize the wettability. The oxygen functional groups were generated on the surface of oxygen modified PP which was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and it was resulted in the improvement of wettability. The surface morphology and roughness of the PP films before and after the oxygen plasma treatment was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It was found that the roughness of
The percent yield for the products was below the 50% benchmark for a successful experiment so in that regard, the experiment was not successful. Additionally, the gas chromatography analysis featured 4 peaks total in the graph, with 2 of them not representing the concentration of the desired alkenes. The first large peak simply represents the ether used as the solvent for the solution, so that peak is a given. However, there is an additional peak that follows the one representing the 1-methylcyclohexene that could not be identified. This indicates that the solution was not completely pure. Sources of the impurity could be a result of the final simple distillation done to remove some of the drying compound from the solution. If that process was executed with fractional distillation, the percent yield may have increased along with the purity of the solution. In conclusion, the experiment succeeded in aligning with the
The purpose of the experiment is to determine the ID of an unknown diprotic acid by establishing its pKa values. The first phase is to determine the unknown diprotic acid by titration, which is a technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the molecular weight. While the second phase involved seeing how much NaOH needed to standardize diprotic acid.
Day 1: (a) Choose four gummy bear from the teacher. Use the equipment available to measure your gummy bear and record the data in the chart for Day 1
rapid development of polymer chemistry after World War II a host of new synthetic fibers
Stiffness In terms of stiffness this additive is hard and stiff. This affects the polymers in a good way because it acts like a protective shield for the polymer to stop any polymer oxidation on the polymer.
The Crystallinity of Kevlar Polymer strands, contributes to the unique strength and stiffness of the material. Kevlar is very similar to other common synthetic polymers, including Nylon, Teflon and Lycra. In all Polated to strength. Aromatic refers to the Carbon atoms attached in a ring, and Amides refers to a group of Carbon, Nitrogen and Hydrogen atoms. Kevlar fiber is therefore a “Polyaromatic amide”, as it has a high breaking strength.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
The. Although viscose rayon was originally called “artificial silk,” it is not truly synthetic. fiber, as it is made from wood pulp, a naturally occurring, cellulose-based material. Nylon however, is a synthetic fiber. It is a polyamide whose molecular chains are formed regularly.
Biology Lab Report Lab No. 18: Biochemical Genetics: Smooth Peas Wrinkled Peas Data Presentation: The diagram of cotyledon for smooth and wrinkled pea is attached to the next page. The table of starch presents is below: Type of Pea Starch Present? (Color change) Smooth
The purpose of this experiment was to create a polymer by reacting a mixture of decanedioyl dichloride and dichloromethane with a mixture of water, 1,6-hexadiamine and sodium carbonate. Specifically, we created the polymer Nylon-6,10. Nylon-6,10 polymers are used in a vast majority of things we use in everyday life such as zippers, the bristles in brushes, and even car parts. This experiment was different from the industrial method of making nylon because that takes place at a much higher temperature. A polymer is a substance that has a structure made of similar or identical units bonded together. All polymerizations fall into two categories: step-growth and chain-growth (both of which we used to form our polymer). Step growth polymerization
There are two popular ways of creating nylon for fiber applications. One, ¡°molecules with an acid (COOH) group on each end are reacted with molecules containing amine (NH©ü) groups on each end.¡± The nylon 6,6 is made in this fashion. The other common way of making nylon fibers is by polymerizing a compound containing an amine at one end and an acid at the other, to form a chain with reoccurring groups of (-NH-[CH©ü]n-CO-)x. If the x=5, the fiber is named nylon 6 (Nylon Fiber).
German Chemist Hans von Pechmann first synthesized Polyethylene by accident in 1898 by heating diazomethane. His colleagues characterized the waxy substance polyethylene due to the fact that they recognized that it consisted of long ethene chains. It was then first industrially synthesized by accident in 1933 by applying extremely high pressure to ethylene and benzaldehyde. Over the years, development of polyethylene has increased due to the additions of catalyst. This makes ethylene polymerization possible at lower temperatures and pressures.1