three groups: commodity thermoplastic, engineering thermoplastics (ETP), and advanced engineering thermoplastics (AETP). The engineering thermoplastics (ETP) have heat resistance, strong mechanical properties, lightness, self-lubrication, and easy manufacturing. This plastic category has been lately used to replace wood and metal applications. To have a better understanding of ETP, we will discuss about outstanding properties of some well-known engineering thermoplastics materials which are polyamides
High Technology Swimwear Product application: How does a swimmer improve the speed in the water? The answer may be that do more practice. However with the development of the technology, there is one thing that has totally changed that mindset forever, that is the high-technology swimwear. The high-technology swimwear is designed and manufactured for swimmers to swim faster in high competitive swimming sports. Some studies showed that wearing high-technology swimsuit can reduce the drag up to 4%
matrix might not be suitable for this application. Man-made polymers are generally called ‘resins’ and can be classified under two types; thermoplastic and thermoset, according to the effect of heat on their properties. Thermoplastic materials contain polymer molecules that are held together by weak van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds [3]. Thermoplastics soften when heated and will eventually melt but they can be hardened again by cooling the material. This process of heating and cooling can
Composite materials is also called composition materials or shortened to composites. They may be selected to give unusual combinations of weight, stiffness, high temperature performance, strength, corrosion resistance, conductivity, or hardness. They are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. When combined, they produce a material with different characteristics from the individual components. The individual components will
What are Polymers and Copolymers? Polymers are large molecules that are formed of many smaller molecules joined together as sub units, known as monomers. They portray a huge role in society as they tend to make up most plastics used ranging from plastic shopping bags to styrofoam. Polymers can be found naturally an example being DNA the building blocks of life but most usable polymers are man made (American Chemistry Council, n.d). The polymers in plastics widely used by society today are known
plays a critical role in everyday life (Icpeenvis.nic.in, 2011). A polymer is a substance made from identical monomers (molecules) joined together to form one large molecule (Smith et al., 2006). Plastic is often made from petrochemicals, with thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers being the two forms (Helmenstine, 2016). These are found ubiquitously, from packaging to health care. However, with the production and disposal of plastic at an all-time high, this can have devastating environmental
obtained from the C4 fraction of steam cracking. Styrene monomer is made by dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene — a hydrocarbon obtained in the reaction of ethylene and benzene. Polylactic acid (PLA) Polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) is a thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch. PLA was the second most important bioplastic of the world in regard to consumption volume ABS Vs PLA There are two types of plastics ABS and PLA, used in this pen.
Manufacturing Process Geofoam is any material or product that has a closed-cell structure that was created either in a fixed plant or in situ by an expansion process. Although most geofoam materials are polymeric (plastic) in composition, other materials such as Portland cement concrete (PCC) or glass have been and are used. Most geofoam materials are polymeric with polystyrene foams being the most common. The two types of polystyrene foam are expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS)
2.3 Glass Fibers It is a versatile modern industrial material made of Silica in the form of numerous extremely fine filaments. These fibers might be finer than human hair many times and seem in appearance and feel as silk. It is a light weight material and very strong with favorable bulk strength compared with metals and it can be easily formed by means of molding processes. GF is the most prevail fiber reinforcement that used in construction and among the most adaptable industrial materials. They
sometimes used to define lanes or shoulders. Raised markers can be used at crosswalks to assist the visually impaired. However, you are more likely to find thermoplastic markings or painted ones. • Thermoplastic markings are relatively new. They can sometimes last as long as 10 years, but the average life is between seven and eight years. Thermoplastic markings are heated prior to application to improve adhesion. They are economical, durable and provide excellent reflective properties. • Most paint used
as fillers or reinforcements in thermoplastic composites requires an essential considerate of the structural and chemical personalities of wood [1]. English and Falk give an inclusive overview of the factors that influence the properties of wood–plastic composites [2]. While several studies have revealed that fiber-polymer compatibility can be improved by selecting appropriate coupling agents [3,4], compatibility between polar wood fiber and non-polar thermoplastics remains key to extend the function
Introduction: Screwdrivers are very popular among the hand tools which we use in our daily use. But now a days the screwdriver demands hardness and higher torque values for the meeting the requirements and to compete between the manufacturers. For maintaining both torque and hardness in higher level. there are mainly three key factors for the producing the required type of screwdriver : heat treatment, material and machining processing. On the other hand the most famous type of steel used in the
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Good “feel,” (high resilience), high abrasion resistance and high spin are the desirable quantities that offered by the modern ball compared to previous golf ball. A good golf ball must “feel” soft to the golfer, but must be resilient enough to rebound to its original shape and hardness after the momentary deformation that necessarily results after being struck repeatedly with a force that can equal 10,000 N. The “feel” is thought to be attributed
The substantial improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites can be attributed to high rigidity and aspect ratio of nanoclay combined with good affinity through interfacial interaction between polymer matrix and dispersed nanoclay. It is well reported that polymer nanocomposites have excellent barrier properties against O2, CO2 and water vapor. This depends on the type of clay, i.e., compatibility between clay and polymer matrix, structure of nanocomposites and aspect ratio of clay
Selecting a dielectric material for a capacitor Design introduction and problem A capacitor is a device for electrical charge. A simple capacitor is two plates made of an electrically conducting material separated by a non-conducting material or dielectric. A capacitor can come in a huge variety of sizes and types for use in regulating power as well as for conditioning, smoothing and isolating signals. Almost every electrical and electronic system uses them. [1] In a way, capacitors are like batteries
1. Introduction Polymeric materials play a functional role in every aspect of daily life, from clothing to infrastructure. Polymers differ greatly from other materials, such as ceramics or metals, based upon the types of bonding. Metals bond metallically, creating a sea of electrons, and ceramics generally bond ionically, strongly tying electrons to lattice points. Polymers bond covalently in carbon chains, which (in general) make their properties more variable due to the possibilities of arrangement
DEFINITION : “ Poly means many and mer means parts, so polymer means many parts. Polymers are made from many small molecules held together through covalent bonding ” The small molecules which form polymers are called monomers. In other words monomers are the building block of polymers. Hundreds and thousands of monomers combine together to form a large molecule of polymer. A polymer can be a three dimensional network ( repeating units linked together left and right, front and back, up
fibres. Resin system come in a variety of chemical families, each satisfies specific requirements in terms of cost, aesthetics and structural performance. Board classification of polymeric resin divides in two main categories: Thermosetting and Thermoplastics. Thermosetting: These groups of polymers are hard, stiff and not easily recyclable. Thermoset materials once cured cannot re-melt or reformed. As results, due the environmental issues, their applications are narrowed down in past several years
The Ultimate Guide To The 3D Printer Filament What is 3D Printing? Technology has developed to such an extent that we can now manufacture products, previously only possible with expensive machinery, practically right in our living rooms. One such approach is the ability to use a special machine called the 3D printer or the 3D printing machine to create three dimensional objects, by means of an additive process. Whereas traditional machining techniques such as cutting, drilling and milling uses a
into the shape needed. There are two basic types of plastics. They are thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics. The type of plastic it is determined by the way they react when heated. Thermoplastics are plastics that can be heated and melted and still reform its shape. Thermosetting plastics are just the opposite. They can be melted and cannot be reshaped into its original