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Describe the difficulties individuals with autism may experience with social interaction
Autism and social interaction
Describe the difficulties individuals with autism may experience with social interaction
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Describe the PECS system in detail? The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) allows individuals to give pictures to another person as a form of communication (Boutot 2017, pg. 114). This can be used by nonverbal students with autism or those that have difficulty saying, learning or even remembering words (Franziska Racker Centers, 2013). This system can be used to answer questions, communicate requests or even say complete sentences. There are many phases to this process. One is individuals start to communicate by requesting items. If a child would like stuffed animal, they provide the picture of the toy. Then, they are given the animal they requested. The program progresses to the point where students are able to answer questions, make comments or have conversations (Boutot 2017, pg. 114).
How can PECS system be used to improve communication skills in children with autism
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By using PECS, they are provided with a technique to use for conversations without having to speak. These students are taught to find pictures that represent the items they want or the idea they want to convey by finding a picture that represents their needs and place it on a velcro strip to create a word or sentence. After they create their sentence, they hand it to the person they want to share the information. This provides the student with autism a way to communicate. Furthermore, by having a way to disseminate information their frustrations and likelihood of tantrums, crying or other challenging behaviors are
The title of the book is called, “Thinking in Pictures”, written by Temple Grandin. Temple is also the author of, “Animals in Translation.” This book was copyrighted in the year 1995 and was edited with more updated information in the year 2006. Thinking in Pictures is an autobiography. An autobiography is a book written about their lives, written by themselves.Throughout this book multiple pictures were shown when she was a younger child of her showing symptoms of autism, blueprints and designs of her work, and pictures of her giving lectures and informing others of Autism. There are multiple severity levels of autism, Temple was a high functioning autistic individual, with that being said she was able to write a book about her life. Temple is a very gifted animal specialist and has shown multiple times throughout the novel to never give up and that possibilities and endless.
The video begins by introducing a revolutionary new possibility in the understanding of what autism is and how to approach those persons afflicted. Through a technique called "facilitated language" many autistic children were seemingly freed from the inability to communicate. Many were able to "speak" freely through a letter keypad with the help of a facilitator or guide. There are stories upon stories of success - of students, teachers, families, etc.
Incidental teaching focuses on child-initiated interactions. (Hall, 2013) Incidental teaching is used to increase skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. (Hall, 2013) A study done by Hart and Risley (1975) looked at the incidental teaching process used at the preschool age to aide in teaching language. Incidental teaching has been the most frequent strategy that has been used to teach language. When using incidental teaching a child’s request may be verbal or nonverbal. Examples include reaching for an object that is out of one’s reach, requesting food or a toy or calling an adult’s name. There is a series of decisions that an adult can use to respond to the child’s request. These choices include: if the occasion should be used for incidental teaching: if so then a choice regarding the language behavior that is obtained from the child, and then a choice has to be made concerning the cue that will be used to initiate instruction, the cur could be focus of attention by itself, or in addition to the focused attention a verbal cue as well. If the individual does not respond to the cue, then a choice concerning the degree of prompt to be used, the “fullest degree: a request for imitation; medium degree: a request for partial imitation, or minimal degree: a request for the terminal language behavior.” (Hart & Risley, 1975) This study was performed on boys and girls between the ages of four years old to five years old. The baseline procedures ensured that the children had a variety of vocabulary for use in sentences. The sentences that they were taught was “I want x so I can y.” The second step of the procedure was the use of incidental teaching of compound sentences directed to teachers. After thirty-six days of school, the incidental teaching began to occur when the children needed assistance in trying to get different preschool materials.
In this book you will have a chance to learn what might be going on in the mind of a child with autism. When you are dealing with a child who has autism, you can become extremely frustrated and wonder if they understand anything you say. Actually, This book has answered many questions for me by giving answers from the mind of this autistic boy. He shows you that his mind is thinking and he does understand what you are saying. Author manag...
as an Intervention Strategy for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Psychology In The Schools, 49(1), 15-22.
Social interactions are another area of focus of LEGO therapy (2004). Social interaction comes naturally to those who do not have social communication deficits. Observing and imitating at an early age enables one to gain the social skills required in basic everyday interaction, as well as allowing one to gain confidence when socialising (Densmore et al., 2007). However, children with autism may lack in social interactions. Autistic children may require additional assistance in social interactions as they have difficulty in things such as: forming peer relationships, group play, maintaining eye contact, sharing, use of body language, use of facial expressions, participating in imaginative role play and much more; these skills are the fundamental base of effective social interactions (Gammeltoft and Nordenhof, 2007). Lack of social skills and communication skills overlap one another, having a “knock on” or “dominos” effect thus it is important that children with autism are supported in the development of these areas.
Autism is a neurological developmental disability that affects a person’s behavior and communication skills (AutismResearchNetwork.org). Commonly, those with Autism are diagnosed very early in childhood. Autism is the fastest- growing developmental disability known, with its prevalence appearing in 1 out of every 68 births (www.autismspeaks.org). The autism spectrum is so large, ranging from mild to severe symptoms, that no two people diagnosed are alike. With autism being the most common disorder among the human race (www.webmd.com), doctors and science, have come together to improve the technology in helping those with autism in many ways. New advancements have been developed to diagnose autism earlier, help create more successful treatments, and to help better an educational plan for people with autism. There are many theories but no known single cause for autism. There are also many treatments but no known cure for autism. In my paper, I am going to review the technology aspect into this disorder. Technology has enhanced different treatments, enabled earlier diagnoses, and furthered education levels in those with autism. The focus of my report will be on these three categories; diagnoses, treatments and education.
2. People with autism have problems with abstract and conceptual thinking. Some may eventually acquire abstract skills, but others never will. When abstract concepts must be used, use visual cues, such as drawings or written words, to augment the abstract idea. Avoid asking vague questions such as, "Why did you do that?" Instead, say, "I did not like it when you slammed your book down when I said it was time for gym. Next time put the book down gently, and tell me that you are angry. Were you showing me that you did not want to go to gym, or that you did not want to stop reading?" Avoid asking essay-type questions. Be as concrete as possible in all your interactions with these students.
Luiselli, James K. "Verbal Language and Communication." Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.
The use of the picture exchange communication system, as shown by the studies above, can be an extremely effective tool for teaching children with autism social and communicative behaviors. However, PECS is only effective when it is implemented correctly; teachers should be aware of the amount of time that teaching this system will require. The picture exchange communication system is one of many visual support systems that can be implemented to support student learning, both in the special education and general education classroom. Individual student characteristics, as always, should be taken into consideration when choosing a visual support system.
Wainer, Allison L. "The use of innovative computer technology for teaching social communication to individuals with autism spectrum disorders". Research in autism spectrum disorders , 5 (1), p. 96.
Children with Autism have many different language abilities that range from no verbal communication to a very complex communication. Half of the students that have Autism do not develop the communication skills needed to be sufficient in today’s society of expectations. These students will have a speech barrier when trying to communi...
One of the most difficult things teachers will face when dealing with Autistic children is their lack of communication skills and inappropriate or nonexistent social skills. In addition to academic instruction children with Autism require instruction in communication techniques and social skills. Kamps et.al. says “A key to accommodating students with autism in public school settings is the provision of social and behavioral programming to develop meaningful participation with nondisabled persons” (p.174).
This repetition and recollection of information is meant to target students with Autism, General Anxiety Disorder and Intellectual Disabilities. Drawing examples to go with the definitions will help visual learners and students with Autism visualize information. For students with special needs, a WORD BANK will be provided as an accommodation. This will assist students with anxiety and memory problems feel less challenged and recall the definitions more easily and be mentally prepared for the upcoming activities in the lesson.
People in the present society have turned from the use of the old means of communication to the more advanced and technological ways of communicating. Technology has made it easier for people to communicate in a faster, efficient, and cost saving means through the introduction of the communication channels. The world has turned out to be the centre for technology with different technologies emerging daily as the people continue to develop from time to time to cope with the growing technology. The benefits of adopting the communication technology are explained in this article which shows why people do not function without technology.