A collision where one party collides with another and leaves the scene is considered to be illegal in the United States. If a white dwarf would collide with the sun this would be the exact case. It would take around an hour for the white dwarf to go completely through the sun and then after causing great destruction and changing the chemical and physical properties of the sun it would just continue on its path and leave behind massive destruction.
The first time a white dwarf and main sequence collisions were studied it was done by Michael Shara, Giora Shaviv and Oded Regev at Tel Aviv University and then Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa. These scientists use supercomputers to study the effects of various collisions. They concluded that if a sun like star was hit by a white dwarf 10 million times as dense, the sun like star would be destroyed and only minor warming would take place on the outside of the white dwarf. If the sun were to go through this type of collision it would not annihilate the earth but would cause all the water in both the atmosphere and in the oceans to boil away. No longer having the gravitational pull of the sun, the earth and other planets would wonder the galaxy.
The Pauli exclusion principle is defined by Dr. Steven S. Zumdahl, "In a given atom no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers." Due to this principle, only two electrons can inhabit a single energy level. The electrons that share the same energy level have opposite intrinsic angular momentums which is more commonly known as "spin". To determine the direction of the spin the angular momentum vector is analyzed.
A degenerate gas where the electrons exist in the lowest allowed energy level. Degeneracy pressure is caused by a degenerate gas. A degenerate gas is different from an ordinary gas because their electrons have much greater energies and higher momentums. The higher energy and momentum is the cause of the increase in pressure. The increase in pressure results in the electrons being in a higher state than what would be predicted.
A white dwarf uses electron degeneracy pressure to support itself. It is because of the electron degeneracy pressure that white dwarfs have a small size relative to other types of stars.
Matter is assumed to be composed of an enormous number of very tiny particles which are indestructible. Gas is a state of matter. These tiny particles are separated by relatively large distances, which interact elastically. This large space between the particles make it easy to compress a gas. Which gives low mass to volume ratio. Particles must be in continual motion. These particles are very fast (usually about 500 meters per second). The molecules in a gaseous state have enough kinetic energy to be essentially independent of each other.
Black holes were originally thought to have only mere mathematical concepts. There was seemingly no possible way to compress any object into a space small enough to equal to its schwarzschild radius. Later however, astronomer Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar calculated that stars much larger than our own sun should theoretically be able to collapse into a black hole (UTFC). A star is like a blown up balloon with the force of gravity trying to compress the balloon inwards and the air trying to push the balloon outwards. Likewise, stars are held in balance by gravity trying to collapse the star inwards going against the outwards pressure of the internal reactions of the star called nuclear fusion.
Black holes - the strange scientific phenomenon that has astounded physicists and astronomers alike for decades. Popular subjects in science fiction novels, black holes are one of the greatest enigmas of the scientific world. Even today, the concept of a super-dense ball of matter that not even light can escape from is somewhat farfetched, and many scientists disagree with each other about nearly every aspect of a black hole. This project will attempt to shed some light on these mysterious formations, and will inform you the reader of the most popular and widely accepted theories surrounding them.
Black holes can be dangerous. They can be dangerous because they can suck anything up. There are large numbers of small stars being captured. They mostly grow from stars. The more they eat the bigger they get. This is how black holes grow (Science & Technology from the U).
Atoms are electrically neutral; the electrons that bear the negative charge are equal in number to the protons in the nucleus
Stars explode at the end of their lifetime, sometimes when they explode the stars leave a remnant of gasses and, dust behind. What the gasses come together to form depend on the size of the remnant. If the remnant is less than 1.4 solar masses it will become a white dwarf, a hot dead star that is not bright enough to shine. If the remnant is roughly 1.4 solar masses, it will collapse. “The protons and electrons will be squashed together, and their elementary particles will recombine to form neutrons”. What results from this reaction is called a neut...
Black Holes Black holes are objects so dense that not even light can escape their gravity, and since nothing can travel faster than light, nothing can escape from inside a black hole. Loosely speaking, a black hole is a region of space that has so much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. Since our best theory of gravity at the moment is Einstein's general theory of relativity, we have to delve into some of the results of this theory to understand black holes in detail, by thinking about gravity under fairly simple circumstances. Suppose you are standing on the surface of a planet. You throw a rock straight into the air.
If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined.
A star begins as nothing more than a very light distribution of interstellar gases and dust particles over a distance of a few dozen lightyears. Although there is extremely low pressure existing between stars, this distribution of gas exists instead of a true vacuum. If the density of gas becomes larger than .1 particles per cubic centimeter, the interstellar gas grows unstable. Any small deviation in density, and because it is impossible to have a perfectly even distribution in these clouds this is something that will naturally occur, and the area begins to contract. This happens because between about .1 and 1 particles per cubic centimeter, pressure gains an inverse relationship with density. This causes internal pressure to decrease with increasing density, which because of the higher external pressure, causes the density to continue to increase. This causes the gas in the interstellar medium to spontaneously collect into denser clouds. The denser clouds will contain molecular hydrogen (H2) and interstellar dust particles including carbon compounds, silicates, and small impure ice crystals. Also, within these clouds, there are 2 types of zones. There are H I zones, which contain neutral hydrogen and often have a temperature around 100 Kelvin (K), and there are H II zones, which contain ionized hydrogen and have a temperature around 10,000 K. The ionized hydrogen absorbs ultraviolet light from it’s environment and retransmits it as visible and infrared light. These clouds, visible to the human eye, have been named nebulae. The density in these nebulae is usually about 10 atoms per cubic centimeter. In brighter nebulae, there exists densities of up to several thousand atoms per cubic centimete...
...ed Boson. At the opposite, if the indistinguishable particles cannot occupy the same configuration, they will obey the Fermi-Dirac statistics, called fermion. Photon is one of the most famous type of boson particle, while electron is one of the fermions. From the large scale engineering development point of view, the open quantum systems interact with fermionic field are of highly important developments. Solid state semiconductor can be fabricated to form quantum dots in a size of few nanometers to store single electron. Arrangements of such quantum dots can be thought as an atomic size of computer.
There are two types of ways a Supernova can be triggered. The first trigger is the result of a white dwarf accumulating matter from a companion. This causes the dwarf to reach a core temperature too high to survive which in turn makes an explosion. The second trigger is when a star’s nuclear fuel is diminishing and can no longer support the release of nuclear energy. If the star’s core is large enough it will breakdown and become a supernova. Most observations of a supernova are made through spectral lines. Classification agrees with the physical classification, because large stars are made of mostly hydrogen, while white dwarf stars are plain. White dwarfs have a bare surrounding because the original star’s explosion was so great that the winds pushed the hydrogen away.
On February 15 2013 a meteor streaked across sky and exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia. It set off one of the largest explosion of its kind, according to Western scientists. Flying glass and debris caused most of the injuries from the meteor strike. The shock wave violently jolted the city of Chelyabinsk. Coincidently, it hit on the same day that astronomers were watching another large rock pass Earth by just 17,200 miles. As it turns out, the Earth getting hit by meteorites isn’t so unusual.
Stars are one of the most widely recognized astronomical objects in the known universe. These celestial bodies are the building blocks of galaxies and their age, composition, and distribution are used to trace their galaxy’s history. Stars are also responsible for the existence of heavy elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and iron. These elements are the result of the thermonuclear fusion that takes place in the stars’ cores over millions to trillions of years, making them the most effective and productive nuclear reactors in the the cosmos. In the case of the solar system stars also provide the light and heat required to support life which is a near impossible and extremely rare phenomenon. Stars are extraordinary objects in the entirety
A million years ago, earth was frequently visited by terrestrial object and hit repeatedly. Impact from meteor believes to be the major cause of extinction of animal species such as dinosaur, landscape and climate change. Huge impact changes the whole environment with its process during and after the impact. Suitable geophysical methods used in order to understand better on impaction and its operation. Some of the impact sites too became commercial exploration previously such as the Vredefort in South Africa for gold mining.