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Erikson's stages of development middle childhood
Middle years of child psychosocial
Erikson's stages of development middle childhood
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Who we are is directly related to our environment that we are nurtured around. Our development is essential to who we are as adults and will be the very fabric connected to how, what and why we act and think the way we do. I’ve decided to talk about early childhood development, which plays the most crucial part in the foundation of who we will be. At this stage we are sponges soaking up this new world we are now apart of. I will discuss physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development pertains to early childhood development. When we think about physical development our minds probably jump to some sort of sport or action that involves physically moving our legs and arms. In early childhood the physical is at work …show more content…
Facts about psychosocial development are that there are eight sages in Erikson’s theory. The eight stages range from infancy to adult and include the following; Trust vs. Mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. Since my paper is subjected on early childhood I will discuss Erikson’s theory on early child hood psychosocial development. Erikson’s theory suggests that kids ages 3 – 5 are developing initiative vs. guilt. At this stage preschoolers children learn to take responsibility for their own behavior s they develop self-control (Cicceralli & White, 2015, p.304). When they are at this stage they love to try everything on their own, and when they succeed at what they are try they feel like a “big” girl or boy. When they succeed they will take the initiative to try more but when they don’t succeed they feel let down and you have to give a little pep talk to encourage them to keep trying. I watch my four-year-old daughter try everything these days. She doesn’t shy away from try to do everything by herself it can be any where from getting dress to bathing. When she succeeds at the task you don’t have to tell her she’s a big girl shell beat you to it. Now some task I’ll watch her try to do and if she starts to have a hard time she tries to wine about it, but I encourage he to keep trying and tell her what adjustments to make. Its great seeing her want to take that step towards being this independent little kid because there isn’t much she
Papalia, Diane E, Sally W. Olds, and Ruth D. Feldman. A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. The author is a child development and psychology professor. This is an anthology with strictly objective information. The content is broken down into physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developments of different stages of childhood.
Living in a healthy, happy environment is crucial for preschoolers as this could influence them later in life, causing them to miss certain milestones in their development. Theorist Erikson believes that there is a task that must be reached before they move on to the next stage of development, Erickson, E (1950) 1963. Development is important in preschoolers as this is when they learn their social skills, language skills and both their fine and gross motor abilities. Many hurdles can be put in place when it comes to determining a preschooler’s health such as; low economic status, lack of childhood education and not having the health model Te Whare Tapa Whā in place as these can all have a detrimental impact on a preschooler’s development in
Erik Erikson discusses the eight stages of social development throughout the entire life span. In each stage, there is a crisis or conflict that is connected to a developmental task. If each stage of development is completed then a person will develop a healthy personality. The first stage occurs from the birth to age one, the main conflict being trust versus mistrust. In this stage babies learn to trust or mistrust based on whether their needs are met or not. Stage two’s conflict is autonomy versus shame and doubt, which occurs from the ages one to three. During this time, toddlers begin to gain independence. Erikson believed that if this behavior is encouraged then they will learn to become independent rather than have feelings of shame and doubt. Imitative versus guilt is the conflict that arises during Erikson’s third stage. It occurs with preschool age children, aged three to six. At this time, children learn to start activities on their own. If this stage is completed correctly a child will a sense of social responsibility and self-confidence. However, if this stage is not fully completed then a child might have a sense of guilt. At ages six through twelve, children deal with stage four’s crisis which is industry versus inferiority.
Researchers have documented that human life is determine by various developmental stages. Whether development is continuous or discontinuous and is influenced by nature or nurture, these processes are experienced universally regardless of gender, age and ethnic background. This paper explores the areas of physical, cognitive, emotional and social developmental in early childhood. In a comprehensive case study of Mahki Lamar Holmes, an analysis will focus on the different aspects of his developmental progress from infancy to preschool age. This study will also describe how internal and external factors that influences Mahki’s development currently and in the future. After examining Mahki’s home, school and community setting as well as his strengths and weaknesses, Mahki has completed majority of his stages for his age group and continues to live a healthy and normal life.
At the age of four and five years old, children begin to develop gross and fine motor improvement. Potter (2013) states, “preschoolers run well, walk up and down steps with ease, and learn to hop. By 5 years they usually skip on alternate feet, jump rope, and begin to skate and swim.” (p.147)
- The girl was possessing characteristics of Erik Erikson’s theory, the Psychosocial Stage – Initiative VS. Guilt, which occurs through the ages of 3-6 years’ old
Shame and doubt occurs around the age of one to three years of age. According to the authors Gould, Howson and Alexandra of Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development, during the second stage, one is finding the tension between a sense of confidence to try new tasks and feeling of being hesitant to do so. During this stage is when children start to realize they have independence, they decide what toy to play with, and they start making decisions on what to eat and what to wear. Children at this stage are also becoming more mobile and they start to walk away from their moms because of being independent. During this stage, it is critical for parents to keep supporting and increasing their child confidence to allow them to feel secure in the world. The Initiative v. Guilt is the third stage of Erikson’s eight stages, this takes place around the ages of three and six years old, this is where social interaction first occurs. This is a significant time for individuals to recognize their relationships and their identity. Also throughout this stage is when children will start questioning things because of their growth of knowledge. Making the child feel to guilt can cause the child to have slow interactions with others and also prevent them from being creative. If a child feels too much guilt can create slow interactions and feel insecure about their
A newborn child’s physical and motor development is an evident progression throughout their first years and later in life. A child’s motor development is more of a slower progress, from going to gross motor skills to more fine motor skills in a few months while physical development is an apparent process. The environment affects children in their physical and motor growth, as they learn and adapt to new stimuli everyday as they develop. Separately, these developments start at different times, but function hand in hand as a child grows. Physical development is apparent at conception, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence; while motor development
Infants and Children: Prenatal Through Middle Childhood. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Cooper, J., Masi, R., & Vick, J. (2009). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Social-emotional Development in Early Childhood.
Physical Development carries two key perspectives, nature and nurture. Both perspectives can be supported in many mays.
Physical and motor development are two similar but different areas that describe child development. Physical development encompasses all of the various changes a child's body goes through. Those changes include height, weight, and brain development. Motor development is the development of control over the body. This control would involve developing reflexes such as blinking, large motor skills like walking, and fine motor skills like manipulating their fingers to pick up small objects like Cheerios. It is important to objectively study physical and motor development in children to gain knowledge on what characteristics are considered typical for each age and stage of development. This will enable me to be aware of when a child or children are developing at an irregular pace, and devise recommendations or find experiences and other resources that can aid in stimulating their development and to work towards closing achievement gaps. This particular assignment was to observe the selected child and reaffirm the importance of studying physical and motor development, and to develop ideas on how to involve it in my work as an early childhood professional.
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
An adult’s achievements, health and emotional well-being in life are based on their early childhood educational experiences. Nature, genetics and the learning environment influence a child’s development. The quality of early childhood education and the experiences that the child has at the right stages of development is crucial to how their brain builds (Holt, 2009). There are many influences that develop the brain, which includes social connections, behavioural issues, developing resilience and establish a competent learner. As an early childhood educator, I believe in creating a flexible, effective and creative teaching philosophy that I would devote myself to during my career. My philosophy is based on my own beliefs, values, and research
Physical and cognitive development: Children got to actively walking, exploring the environment, looking outside the window, watching birds and vehicles.
The first type of development that can be observed is physical development. Physical development refers to a child's gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are the use of large groups of muscles that can develop naturally through outdoor and indoor play. During play, a child may use their gross motor skills by standing, jumping, climbing, running or riding a bike. "If children are encouraged to be physically active, these skills can develop into advanced patterns of motor coordination that can last a lifetime" (brightfutures.org). Fine motor skills are the use of the muscles in the hands. These muscles can develop by using fingers to cut with scissors, write, paint and many other activities. Underdeveloped muscles, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all signs o...