Clinical Activity: Early Childhood Worksheet = 10 points 1. Describe the chief psychological task according to Erickson for your selected population. (0.5 pt.) According to Erikson, the chief psychological task for children that are four and five years old is initiative versus guilt. This stage occurs between three and six years old. This means that the child is beginning to explore their surroundings much more. They try new things by imitation of adults and through fantasy. Another important factor in this stage is that the child’s conscious begins to develop. The child may feel guilt when limits are set on their ability to explore, or if they are punished. (Giddens, 2012, p. 5) 2. Provide an example of how a child in this age group would …show more content…
successful demonstrate Erickson’s psychological task (0.5 pt.) A child in this age group would demonstrate this task by playing a game such as house. One of the children may choose to be the mother, in which they will imitate things that are modeled by their mother or an adult in their household. (Giddens, 2012, p.5) 3. Describe the cognitive developmental stage according to Piaget for your selected population. (0.5 pt) A child between the age of four and five are in Piaget’s preoperational stage. This occurs between the ages of two and seven. The child’s focus is egocentric. They think that everyone looks at the world in a way that they do. The child is unable to see a situation from another persons view. (Giddens, 2012, p.5) 4. Provide an example of how a child in this age group would successful demonstrate Piaget’s developmental stage. (0.5 pt.) An example of the preoperational stage during play would be when a child always wants to be the main person in a game and they don’t understand that their classmates have never had a turn at that position in the game. (Giddens, 2012, p.5) 5. Describe the developmental patterns or milestones for your selected population in the following areas: (2.5 pts) – use references listed under # 4 and 6 listed under ‘Instructions’ Physical Growth (0.5 pt) What is expected for physical growth/year from this age group?
According to Potter (2012), “Children gain about 5 pounds per year; the average weight at 3 years is 32 pounds; at 4 years, 37 pounds; and at 5 years about 41 pounds. Preschoolers grow 6.2-7.5 (2.5 to 3 inches) per year, double their birth length around 4 years, and stand an average of 107 cm (43 inches) tall by their fifth birthday.” (p. 147) Gross and Fine Motor Skills (0.5 pt) Describe gross motor and fine motor development accomplishments for this age group. At the age of four and five years old, children begin to develop gross and fine motor improvement. Potter (2013) states, “preschoolers run well, walk up and down steps with ease, and learn to hop. By 5 years they usually skip on alternate feet, jump rope, and begin to skate and swim.” (p.147) They are able to hop, do somersaults, swing and climb. These children are also beginning to work on drawing. They are able to copy shapes; around 5 they can draw a diamond. At this age group, scribbling and drawing give children good practice with hand and eye coordination. Mental/Emotional Growth (0.5 pt) Describe how a child in this age group maturing mentally? Describe how they developing
emotionally. Preschoolers are able to classify objects by their size and color. They begin to socialize better, for example, if a child falls another child will offer a band-aid. Preschoolers understand early casual thinking. This means that if two events are related in time or space, children link them in a casual fashion. Also, their reasoning shifts from general to particular; this is the basis for logical thought process. Preschoolers often believe that if a rule is broken, punishment results immediately. The greatest fear for this age group is situations such as, fear of dark, animals, thunderstorms, and medical personnel. They often feel guilt if they are not able to achieve a task and think they have not behaved correctly. (Potter, 2013, p.147-148) Communication (0.5 pt) Describe how a child in this age group articulates? What is their speech like? Vocabulary is rapidly increasing. These children have thousands of words that they use to define familiar objects, identify colors, and express their desires and frustrations. This is when questioning becomes more persistent, such as, the word “why”. Words that are similar such as bye and buy are confusing for children among this age group. (Potter, 2013, p.148) Socialization/Play (0.5 pt) Describe how a child in this age group plays. What do they like to do? How are their social skills developing? After the third birthday, children switch from parallel to associative play. Around the age of four children play in groups of two or three, and by five years the group has a temporary leader for each activity. Pretend play helps the children to understand other points of view, develop skills in solving social problems, and become more creative. (Potter, 2013, p.148) 6. List causes of delays in each of the areas listed below for the age group/selected population you are studying? List those causes in the right sided column. (2.5 pts) Physical Growth (0.5 pt) Children of low SES families are in a vulnerable group. This may be negative prenatal exposure, such as lack of prenatal care. These children may have been born premature or at a low birth weight. These situations can affect the child’s normal growth development in the preschool years. Children of low SES are also at risk if they have a lack of immunizations. Gross and Fine Motor Skills (0.5 pt) Delays in gross and fine motor skills may be caused by a variety of neurological or orthopedic problems. Most delays aren’t serious; but if the situation is severe it is beneficial to get treatment right away. Potential causes are vision problems, lack of muscle control, muscle diseases, and cerebral palsy. An example of the delay would be if the child does not jump, ride a tricycle, throw with difficulty, has trouble with dressing, feeding and toileting. Mental/Emotional Growth (0.5 pt) A potential cause of emotional delay is autism spectrum disorder. It can affect how a child expresses himself, interacts, behaves, and learns. Communication (0.5 pt) Possible causes of delay may be a problem with a child’s tongue or the roof of his mouth, which makes it hard to form sounds. Children may have hearing loss from chronic ear infections. If a child has weak hearing this may affect their ability to communicate properly with friends and teachers. A learning disability may be a potential cause. Another cause may be cerebral palsy or autism disorder. Socialization/Play (0.5 pt) Children at the age of four and five need to be around other children to help their interaction skills. Children in low SES families may not have the capability to join activities and have as many opportunities for socialization. 7. Promoting health in early childhood is linked to healthier adulthood. What techniques would the nurse suggest to daycare providers or other early childhood programs to enhance health for children of your selected population. Give 2 specific examples and provide the rationale for the technique that would enhance the healthy behavior. Example of healthy behavior (0.5 pt each) Rationale (0.5 pt each) 1. Hand hygiene Hand hygiene is a topic that needs to be introduced during potty training. Although most children of the ages of four and five are potty trained, it is important to keep reinforcing the topic to the children. Hand hygiene is a major way to prevent spread of illness. 2. Oral hygiene This is a promotion that will be mostly obtained while the child is at home. Although, it would be beneficial for the daycare providers to teach the children songs about brushing their teeth and activities on the importance of oral care. 8. Describe two strategies or examples which would motivate the selected population to develop healthy behaviors. (0.5 pt each) Strategies to motivate selected population to develop healthy behaviors: 1. For preschool children between the age of four and five it is a good idea to get the children involved. A healthy behavior to promote would be physical activity. By doing this, the children will be asked to stand up for yoga. The poses will be named after animals the children know, for example, downward dog and the cobra. 2. Another way to promote physical activity in children between the ages of 4 and 5 is through games that the children know. For instance, duck- duck- goose. The children could be asked their favorite game and then the whole group could play it together.
guilt (3-5 yrs.), adults are seen as examples in regards to how a child should engage in society (Stevens, 1983, p. 47). As children learn that they can do things like adults it is essential that parents reassure their children through positive "support"; if the child does not receive positive support in activities of choice, guilt may form as a result (Table 9.1. Comparison of Freudian and Eriksonian Stages of Development, 2014, p. 1). Children in this stage also begin to ask for what they want, this helps children in their ability to make decisions later on in life. If the child learns to take initiative, a sense of purpose will form in the child (Erikson, 1964, p.
Early childhood education, although constantly evolving, was actually established and practiced as early on as the times of Ancient Greece and Rome. The foundation that early childhood education is based upon is to instill in children the skills needed to succeed later on in life, while making sure young children enjoy their time in schooling. Throughout chapter 3 in the textbook Who Am I in the Lives of Children, the reader is capable of evaluating just how greatly the methods for teaching today’s youth have evolved and changed for the better.
Shame and Doubt. This stage of development occurs between the ages of two and three. During this stage, children begin to develop their sense of independence and the sense of wiliness to complete tasks (Snowman, McCown 18). This make sense because if you think about it, this is when children begin to interact with toys/objects. It is important that parents allow children to have some say it what they do and support it; if parents do not it might cause the child to develop self-doubt (Snowman, McCown 18). In the article that its states, like the book, that there needs to be a balance (McLeod 2008). Without balance, the child would receive an unrealistic view of the world. As a teacher, I would make sure that children during this stage understand that they are able to be independent. An example of how I would do this is having the child help me bake a cake. When combining the ingredients I would make sure that the child had to take some responsibility in making the cake. I might do this by have the child stir while I crack the egg in the bowl or having them pour in the flour in the
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
Children in the preschool years go through much physical development and changes. They begin to slim down and get taller. Their proportions change as they go from toddlers to children. They have stronger muscles and bones. During this stage, they have a lot of
The preschool period is from ages four to six and with Erikson development stage it is initiative vs. guilt. This stage is where children want to do more things like adults that can go overboard to get the child in trouble or not to succeed causing them to feel guilty (Feldman, 2014). This stage is where you hear children say a lot “let me do it” because the want to become independent and learn. This is also where a child starts to understand that there are boundaries and responsibilities and if they go beyond and push the boundaries the child can feel the consequences (Muller, 2010). Also in this age group children are starting to learn number, the alphabet, and their vocabulary is starting to expand. Some parents will get their child ready
First, physical development has two types of motor skills: Gross motor development and Fine motor development. Crawling, standing, and walking are all considered gross motor development. Infants start to explore these motor skills after five months and have achieved them,
Chapter 1 and 16 discuss different ways to develop attachments with infants and toddlers. It emphasis the fact that when children feel secure they are more socially competent, speak better, and have the ability to manage their own emotions. Toddlers also can participate in problem solving skills. In order to build this type of attachment, it must start when they are infants. “Early childhood is both the most critical and the most vulnerable time in any child’s development.” (Brazelton & Greenspan, 2000, p 6). Research found that children feel more secure when the teacher are highly involve and show much concern. This includes being involved with the family also. Infants feel secure when they are nurtured and have a since of comfort. For example,
Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage, if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue at this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships.
At the pre-conventional level, behavior is motivated by anticipation of pleasure or pain. The child is aware of cultural rules and labels of good or bad and right or wrong. (1) The subject interprets the labels in terms of the physical consequence, such as punishment or reward. (3) The child has an extreme self-interest. The first level of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level, before the age of 9. This level is divided into the following two stages. (2)
Following my observation day in the gym with children from 18 months to kindergarten age I was able to notice a lot in term of child development and the impact physical education has on self esteem and growth of young children. I found that most children less than three lacked the coordination and fine motor skills seen in the older group of children.These children were also much more attached to their parent. I did however notice with some of the younger children is that if placed with a sibling or older friend they will try to mimic the abilities of the older individual and attempt to show skills they otherwise would not have until an older age. A good example of this was on the gymnastics mats one child was able to do flips off of his
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
A child’s drawing can tell so much about what they are thinking and feeling about their surroundings. They see things differently from adults and teens because when they are drawing or doing some sort of art they are not told that it is a “bad picture” or what ever they are doing is “not right.” They don’t have a limit upon their thoughts and ideas, but when they grow up, they do. Starting from the first day of school, they are taught about the wrong things and the right things. As we grow older there are more classes that have right and wrong answers to a question like, for example, math.
The first type of development that can be observed is physical development. Physical development refers to a child's gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are the use of large groups of muscles that can develop naturally through outdoor and indoor play. During play, a child may use their gross motor skills by standing, jumping, climbing, running or riding a bike. "If children are encouraged to be physically active, these skills can develop into advanced patterns of motor coordination that can last a lifetime" (brightfutures.org). Fine motor skills are the use of the muscles in the hands. These muscles can develop by using fingers to cut with scissors, write, paint and many other activities. Underdeveloped muscles, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all signs o...
During this stage of development, children continue to develop gross motor skills but most of the development is with their fine motor skills. During this stage children are beginning to learn how to color, use scissors, write, and possibly tie their own shoes. Children will develop hand eye coordination as well as the ability to manipulate objects to accomplish what they want. My development was especially slow in this area. I did not begin to write legible words until I was five almost six years old. I still to this day, cannot cut a straight line and I could not color in the lines until I was about ten years old. I have always struggled with hand eye coordination and anything requiring the ability to manipulate a small object.