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Buffers Lab Report answers
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The experiment in this laboratory is to study pH and buffers. The pH is defined as the –log[H+] and measures the molar concentration of hydrogen ions. In the study of life, life can only be stabilized through a buffer. A buffer is a solution that is able to resist pH change and maintain the stability of everyday life. A buffer requires a weak acid and its conjugated base. When a solution such as an acid or base presents itself into the buffer solution, the buffer will neutralize the amount of acids or base added to the solution. As a result, pH maintains stabilization and cells are able to function properly. In this study experiment, sodium chloride is the tested solution. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known to many as salt. NaCl is tested
This experiment is used to determine the effect salt has on plant germination. In my scientific opinion, there will be a more dramatic increase of growth in the NaCl 0% out of the four solutions because it’s considered as distilled water which doesn’t increase or decrease the soils osmotic pressure, this way it’s a natural growth instead of being enhanced by NaCl different concentration levels.
Thorough analysis of the graph displayed enough evidence suggesting that an increase in substrate concentration will increase the height of bubbles until it reaches the optimum amount of substrate concentration, resulting in a plateau in the graphs (figure 2). Hence; supported the hypothesis.
For acid into water, the pH level dropped drastically, from 6 to 3. For base into water, the pH increased from 6 to 12. During the buffer experiments, the pH level stayed the same during the whole experiment for acid and base. It stayed at a pH of 12, hence the name “Buffer
15ml of Buffer Solution at pH 8.4 produced the amount of oxygen required in 0.44cm³ per second. On the other hand, 15ml of Buffer Solution at pH 4.4 produced this amount of oxygen in 1.45cm³ per second. We can clearly see that when the Buffer Solution's pH concentration is increased, this has the same effect on the speed of the reaction, which is the effect of pH on the
I decided to experiment with pHs within the range pH 2 to pH7, as I
According to the graph on amylase activity at various enzyme concentration (graph 1), the increase of enzyme dilution results in a slower decrease of amylose percentage. Looking at the graph, the amylose percentage decreases at a fast rate with the undiluted enzyme. However, the enzyme dilution with a concentration of 1:3 decreased at a slow rate over time. Additionally, the higher the enzyme dilution, the higher the amylose percentage. For example, in the graph it can be seen that the enzyme dilution with a 1:9 concentration increased over time. However, there is a drastic increase after four minutes, but this is most likely a result of the error that was encountered during the experiment. The undiluted enzyme and the enzyme dilution had a low amylose percentage because there was high enzyme activity. Also, there was an increase in amylose percentage with the enzyme dilution with a 1: 9 concentrations because there was low enzyme activity.
The experiment is aimed at giving a better understatement of osmosis process and the different conditions in which osmosis occurs.
Methodology: The experimenter used two ten gallon tanks. One tank will be used for the controlled group and the other tank will be used for the experimental group. Each tank will have two pounds of sand spread among the bottom of the tank along with rocks and artificial habitats to add nitrogen to the tanks. To add optimal living conditions for the oceanic life water filtration systems, temperature regulator, circulation systems, and a light to mimic the sun’s rays were added to each tank. At all times both tanks had a temperature of 75 degrees F. This experiment was done over a three month period. The first month was to allow the nitrogen cycle to occur. This allows the fish to be exposed to the water without having stress reactions due to unhealthy living conditions due to the nitrogen. Once the first month was complete six fish was added to both tanks. Two tangs, two damsels, and two clownfish. At first both tanks had a pH level of 8.2, ideal living conditions. After one week the experimental group was exposed to a pH level of 8.6. After two weeks it was raised to 9. Two weeks later it was raised to 9.3. The final raise was done two weeks after making the pH level 9.5. The final week of the experiment the pH lev...
Compared to the 0.5 M hydrochloric acid that was less concentrated, the more concentrated 2 M hydrochloric acid c...
The Biological Importance of Water as a Solvent and as a Medium for Living Organisms
The simplest experiment for this type of situation would be to use red and blue litmus paper to distinguish between acids, bases and salts. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) makes blue litmus paper change color going from blue to red, making it an acid. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) makes red litmus paper change color going from red to blue, making it a base. Sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is neutral, since it would only soak blue and red litmus paper, considering that it is a by product of when an acid and a base mix together, neutralizing each other.
The actual, theoretical, and percent yield of sodium chloride was found. Sodium Carbonate was mixed with hydrochloric acid and the liquid was boiled until there was nothing left. The result was the production of salt, or sodium chloride.
They can take up H+ the medium is acidic, and OH- when the medium is
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).
An average rate of metabolic activity produces roughly 22,000 milliequivalents (mEq) of acid per day. If all of this acid remains in an unbuffered body system then the PH of the body fluids will become less than 1. However, the pH of the blood is normally maintained between 7.36 and 7.44, and intracellular pH at approximately 7.1. The maximum range of extracellular pH over which the normal bodily functions, such as; the beating of the heart, metabolic activity of the liver and nerve conduction can be maintained is 7.0 to 7.8. Thus, until the acid produced from metabolism can be excreted as CO2 in expired air and as ions in the urine, it needs to be buffered in the body fluids. The major buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system, which operates principally in ECF; the hemoglobin buffer system in red blood cells; the phosphate buffer system in all types of cells; and the protein buffer system of cells and plasma.