Peyronie's disease
What is Peyronie's disease?
Peyronie's disease is a disorder affecting the penis that can cause:
· a lump within the shaft of the penis
· pain in the shaft of the penis
· abnormal angulation of the erect penis ('bent' penis).
Not all of these features are necessarily present, but, typically, a man would first notice a tender lump in the penis, which might later be followed by bending of the penis when erect, sometimes at very odd angles. The flaccid penis is not usually deformed. It is important to remember that a degree of upward (towards the head) angulation of the erect penis is quite normal and not a feature of Peyronie's disease.
Good advice
Noticing a lump in the penis can be a frightening experience. Men are often concerned that they have developed a cancer. Cancer within the penile shaft is very rare indeed, while Peyronie's disease is by far the most common cause of such lumps. If you find a lump, it is important to seek prompt medical advice, but you should not be too fearful that a serious cause will be found
What causes Peyronie's disease?
The penis consists of basically three cylinders, covered by several sheaths of tissue and, finally, by skin. A pair of corpora cavernosa form the erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood during erection, acting like the inner tube of a tyre. They are surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a tough, inelastic, fibrous sheath, which might be compared with the tyre itself. When the penis becomes erect, the inner tubes (corpora cavernosa) inflate, filling the space within the tyre (tunica albugenia), making it more rigid.
In Peyronie's disease, tough, fibrous plaques spontaneously appear within the tunica albugenia, and are felt as tender lumps. When the penis becomes erect, it inflates unevenly and tends to bend around the plaque, causing the characteristic deformed appearance of Peyronie's disease.
Experts are not certain why some men get Peyronie's disease and others do not. Several factors might be involved, including:
· genetics: occasionally the disease has a tendency to run in certain families (inherited or genetic predisposition), but this is not common.
· injury: Peyronie's disease is more common after injury to the penis, such as penile fracture or forceful bending of the erect penis. It also occurs more frequently in men that give injections into the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (impotence).
· circulatory disorders: more men with Peyronie's disease seem to be affected by high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis), so these conditions might possibly be involved in its development.
...hromosome and the disease/disorder is passed down in an X linked recessive fashion. Symptoms include muscle weakening and wasting, and pain in the lower body. Mostly only the lower body’s muscles are affected causing the child to have to be confined to a wheelchair. The best way to diagnose Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is by doing a muscle biopsy to test for abnormal dystrophin levels. There is no treatment for the disease/disorder itself, but only for the symptoms of it. The average age of death in males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is the late thirty’s. Most deaths are caused by breathing complications or heart problems like cardiomyopathy. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy on average affects one in thirty five hundred male births worldwide. Overall, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is very hard to live with and affects many boys around the world.
The testes are the primary reproductive organs in the male; they are responsible for the production of sperm. The testes are responsible for the production of testosterone, and are almost nonexistent prior to puberty. Testosterone affects vary to the sound of your voice to hair baldness. The epididymis is a firm structure that consists of three parts, sperm that passes through the epididymis after they are formed. The male urethra is approximately 18-20 cm long. The urethra allows the passage of both urine and sperm. There are two main parts of the penis; the root and body. The three main parts of the root of the penis are, the midline bulb, and the left and right crura on either side of the bulb. While the body is formed by three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue, they are the corpus spongiosum in the midline, and the two-corpus cavernosa on either side. The urethra leaves the head of the penis at the end of the corpus spongiosum.
The cause of Dupuytren’s contracture is unknown, although, important factors include genetics, ethnicity, sex, and age and may include certain environmental factors and other diseases. It is a genetic autosomal dominant disease, and almost always involves people of northern European descent. Dupuytren's contracture most commonly affects the ring finger and pinky. The disease most commonly affects men older than the age of 40. It also appears to affect others with epilepsy, diabetes, pulmonary disease, or alcoholism, although the link between these various diseases is not completely understood.
...s of white society. Furthermore, he blamed the slaves for their lack of insight and dreams for them being in the predicament that they were in. As a writer, Douglas uses a gloomy tone when describing some of the experiences that he had been through in his various owners’ homes. He also uses the tone when describing some of the events that took place once he was freed.
In his Meditations, Rene Descartes attempts to uncover certain truths about existence. In his Third Meditation, he establishes his "special causal principle" (SCP). Descartes uses this principle to explore the origin of ideas, and to prove the existence of God. I agree that there is much logic to be found in the SCP, but I disagree with Descartes method of proving God's existence, and in this essay I will explain why. I will begin by explaining the SCP, and will then demonstrate how Descartes applies this principle to prove that God exists. I will then present my critique of the SCP, and expose the flaws in both of Descartes proofs with regards to the principle. A conclusion will then follow.
In conclusion, Descartes' Third Meditation Proof of God's Existence represents a critical step in Descartes overall goal of obtaining a system of certain, lasting, and stable knowledge: that of using the existence of God to bridge the gap between knowledge of self and knowledge of the external world. In building this bridge I must first define the different kinds and degrees of reality and how they relate to one another. From this we are able to see the logic behind Descartes Causal Adequacy Principle, follow his second premise, and reach the same inevitable conclusion that Descartes does: that an infinite unbounded substance through which all conceivable qualities without end (i.e. God) must exists. For Descartes' this will lay the very foundation for him to expand beyond his limited thinking mind and begin to explore the very depths of the universe in his quest to find the Truth.
The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass: An American Slave, is a save narrative written by Fredrick Douglass himself. The narrative comprises of eleven chapters that give an account of Douglass’ life as a slave, and his quest to get education and become free from the slavery institution. In this narrative, Douglass struggles to free himself from the mentally, physically, and emotional torture of slavery, and the slavery itself. Douglass was taken away from his parents at a tender age and sent to live in Baltimore with his masters, Sophia and Hugh Auld. It was through his stay with the Auld’s that he came to learn of the whites dominance and power over the black people/ slaves by making sure that they were uneducated. After his discovery, Douglass narrates how he decided to get education in order to escape and free himself from slavery. Douglass was determined to get education and he used this education to teach his fellow slaves and is later jailed after his plan to escape was discovered. In the end, Douglass was able to learn how to read and write well as well as to escape.
Even after escaping, Douglass applies his knowledge to help him succeed. After escaping Mr. Covey’s plantation and going to Massachusetts Douglass
...es of developing these diseases. While a family history provides information about the risk of specific health concerns, having a family history of certain medical conditions doesn’t mean that you will develop the same conditions. Disease is not imminent, by developing lifestyle changes your health can be controlled and risk lowered by changing behaviors that increase your chances.
His original view was that God created the universe and he resembles the mind because both do not need physical bodies to exist. If a belief can be doubted then it is not certain and does not make a good foundation. At first he considered authorities such as parents, teachers, priests, etc. but found that they are not good sources
Descartes set out to build a set of arguments designed to prove God’s existence. On those, he constructed all of his other arguments. His goal in proving God’s existence was dual; he wanted to build ground to base his arguments on, that is that he exists ...etc. That goal will not be discussed in too much depth in this paper. It is his other goal to prove beyond a doubt God’s existence to all non-believers.
In the Meditations, Descartes claims that up until this point, he had accepted knowledge obtained through or from the senses as being true, the error in this he claims is that, we really know nothing to absolutely exist and therefore we cannot accept any a posteriori knowledge to be true( ). Rene Descartes’ core purposes that underlay his written treatise, ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was to, through the character of ‘The Meditator’, use a radicalised scepticism known as Cartesian scepticism or Hyperbolic doubt to seek truth, establish certainty and, separate philosophy from God and the bible to create a rational method of inquiry and ultimately ‘base all knowledge on a metaphysical foundation’ (Cottingham, 1993, p 18). He did not seek to eliminate a belief in God, quite contrarily; God played one of the most essential roles in Descartes epistemic theory.
...l between the two; the meditator in Descartes case does not rely on a series of causes as he is not yet sure that the world exists. Secondly, when inquiring about his causal origins, the emphasis is most certainly on finding the source of the idea of the perfect being that Descartes has within himself, rather than any other causal explanation for his existence.
In Meditation on First Philosophy, Rene Descartes argues the existence of God and the dualism of the mind and body. There are several conclusions that Descartes makes throughout his Meditations, one being the existence of corporeal things. To reach this conclusion, Descartes must address many issues which overshadow and doubt his knowledge. In his Meditations, Descartes illustrates the origin of his doubts and how God plays a major role in it. He addresses his issues by using a system of logical reasoning which leads him to the conclusion of the existence of corporeal things.
Education in the United States has slowly and surely become corrupted and overcrowded. Education is extremely important for the growth and development of our economy and system of the United States. The public school system has molded students to come into society prepared and ready for success. The public schools have faced many challenges throughout the years. As time went on classrooms increased in size which caused more issues to rise. The mixture of elevated student enrollment, the increase in students dropping out of school, and the increase in competition between students is what is making the educational system fail. The installation of tenure has allowed teachers to become unmotivated and indolent and will continue to teach without