Based on its type, reference can be divided into three types. They are personal references, demonstrative references, and comparative references
(Halliday and Hasan, 1976:37)
2.3.3.1 Personal Reference
Personal reference is reference by means of function in the speech situation, through the category of person (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 37). The personal category includes the three classes of personal pronouns, possessive determiners usually called ‘possessive adjectives’) and possessive pronouns (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 43). The items of the reference are as follows:
Personal Reference
Function Determinative Possessive
Class
Singular Masculine He/ him His His Feminine She/ her Hers Her Neuter It [its] Its
Plural They/ them Theirs Their
(Halliday, 1985: 295)
The following example is Alice’s conversation
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There is a distinction between the speech roles (first and second person) and the other roles (third person). The distinction is that the first and the second person forms essentially refer to the situation, while those of the third person essentially refer anaphorically or cataphorically to the text. In written language, any verbal reference for I and you are anaphoric when they occur in quoted (direct) speech, for example: There was a brief note from Susan. She just said, ‘I am not coming home this weekend.’ (Halliday and Hasan, 1976:49)
I, in quoted clause, refer back to Susan in the first sentence. This is instance of anaphora. I still refer to the speaker, but we have to look in the text find out who the speaker is. In general, I and you are given by situation. We may refer just to speaker and addressee (you, and I), and so include in it meaning only the speech roles, for example: My husband and I are leaving. We have seen quite enough of this unpleasantness. (Halliday and Hasan,
...g “you” like second person. That leaves third person. I know it’s not third person omniscient, because the narrator doesn’t know, or can’t reveal the thoughts of more than one character.
5)The point of view is first person with Melody Narrating it. She refers to herself as “I”
The story is told in the first person voice. The narrator is talking to one particular person; He refers to this character in the second person voice. “This is your
The reader from the start is aware of the point of view that the poem is being told in. The first sentence is “But if I”, which shows the narrator is in first person. By using first-person the readers are able to have the confidence that the events being told are believable because they come from a first hand character and not a third person unreliable character who could misdirect the reader. The narrator presents a theme using her imaginary lover with the excerpt “But if I were to have a lover, it would be someone who could take nothing from you.” This would be much more difficult and not remotely have the same effect if it was done in any other perspective. The reader gains trust and can connect better when the writing is in first person. Emotion is expressed with more energy and force with this perspective and is evident with the concluding sentence, “with my other body, the one that you have never asked to see.” Third-person perspective wouldn’t compare in having the same effect with that last strong sentence. As the reader, we are not sure...
Pronouns are an effective persuasive language technique because they address the reader directly. Many pronouns are used throughout the text for example: “The changes we need aren’t monstrous or unimaginable.” “We want you to help us be the generation that did it.” By using pronouns such as ‘you, we, us’ etc the reader feels as though they are being directly addressed and that the charity wants their help personally, it also involves the reader in the text so that they can relate to the charity and realise they can do something about it. The pronoun ‘we’ is a collective verb, indicating that people that suffer from poverty and us are one collective thing, we are part of them and we should help them abolish poverty, because if we were in need they would help us. Another effective feature of pronouns is that they make the writing like spoken communication – thus making the reader able to relate to the text and author as using words like ‘you, we, I’ comes naturally to us and readers may find this language more understanding. ‘This technique is persuasive and effective because the reader is being involved and made to feel they have to do something about poverty.
I had to go back to my country and come back to campus really feel the change I went through during the first year in college. I had to observe and interact with the first years to perceive the similarities between them and my old self, to see how I have changed and the extent to which humans are all alike. We might face the same struggles, but the ways we deal with them vary from person to person. I will try to tell my version of growing up in Lafayette.
I am writing this essay about learning styles. More notably I will write about my personal learning style. Also a quick idea of why I chose to go back to school to seek a degree. There are multiple learning styles out in the world audible, tactile, and visual. Audible learning style focuses on learning by listening and sound patterns. Visual learning focuses on learning by using pictures, drawings, shapes, paintings and sculptures. Tactile or kinesthetic learning style focuses on learning by a more hands on approach using gestures, touching, body movement, positioning and object manipulation. I am a tactile and visual learner and in the next paragraph I will discuss these findings.
A good curator has the potential to shape a person’s approach to art and culture. In 2011, Andrew Bolton’s stunning presentation of fashion as art, in ‘Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty’ opened my eyes to the work of a designer that would become the backbone to the majority of my undergraduate study. Aged 18, I traveled to New York where I visited the exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Four years later, when ‘Savage Beauty’ was showing once again - this time at the V&A, curated by Claire Wilcox - I wrote my dissertation on the complex relationship between art and fashion through a detailed analysis of the exhibition which gave me my biggest passion.
It is obvious that most parents around the globe like their children to be educated. In today’s world, education means higher living standards due to the globalization of industry and competence. My parents are an example for such ambition of pushing children into the intimacy of studying to guarantee a sustainable future. Even thought my family lives in one of the highly educated districts in Baghdad, most parents in this district believe that education is a subjective matter. Therefore, the only goal of students in my district is to attain a minimum passing grade because nobody asks them more than that, even their teachers. In other words, students consider school as a community to have fun instead of earning knowledge. The main reason for such behavior is due to the political situation of Iraq before 2003. At that time, even though a person may hold a degree in engineering, he would work for the government with little salary that is not enough for living. Therefore, educated people at that time have no value for education; they simply know that college education is not enough to build a successful carrier. They feel
Holmes, Janet. "Functions of You Know in Women's and Men's Speech." Language in Society 15.01 (1986): n. pag. JSTOR. 10 Oct. 2013. .
White, A. (2003). Women’s usage of specific linguistic functions in the context of casual conversation: Analysis and discussion. Retrieved from http://www.bhamlive3.bham.ac.uk /Documents/college-artslaw/cels/essays /sociolinguistics/White5.pdf
Motivation is something that can affect everyone, it could be for money, punishment, or even sex. My biggest motivation was whenever I wrestled in high school, it was just the feeling of getting my hand raised on the matt knowing I won. Some people may ask what else do I think motivation is. I happen to know someone who I think defines Motivation, her name is Corina Herrera she is a 27 year old, single mother of two MMA fighter. I have never met someone who is so dedicated to do something. “ I knew I was born to fight” , she once told me and she had proven this is what she is meant to do.She had a fight the beginning of August 2016 she worked day and night cutting weight and training. Her goal is to get into the UFC and I know with the hard work and dedication
My education journey has been through some setbacks, but I have continued to push forward and conquered. I have felt that I have a fixed mind set and just am not capable of achieving some things. After learning the difference between growth and fixed mindset I have realized that everyone is capable of learning anything through hard work and dedication.
A very harsh and personal experience that I have recently gone through was the fact that I am 18 and in the tenth grade, they held me back for a second time. I thought I was never going to make it..
Hi, my name is Rob Geis and I am currently in grade 12. I have been at County High School for a year now; I joined at the start of 11th grade, and have thoroughly enjoyed myself here. The school is great, the people are fantastic and the atmosphere is one that makes you actually want to go to school. Before I joined ASB I was studying at the Singapore American School for two years and prior to that I was at the International School of Kuala Lumpur for two years. I was born and raised here in Bombay city and grew up here.