Based on her complaints as well as physical examinations, I can conclude that the diagnosis for this patient is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (PFD). According to the International Urogynecological Association, there are multiple common diagnosis for PFD. It includes pelvic organ prolapse and urinary tract infection (Haylen, 2010). Three factors that contribute to this are childbirth, aging, and obesity. Eleanor’s increase in childbirth made her more prone to this disease. As a woman who gave birth twice, she is more likely to gain this disease compared to a person who only gave birth once. Childbirth causes the pelvic floor to change, therefore causing a possible dysfunction in that area (Bartling, 2016). Now that Ms. Eleanor is 88 years old, she is more susceptible to gaining this disease because as women grow older they’re more likely to get it. Obesity also plays a role in this diagnosis, and because she is on regular medication for hypertension, we can infer that she’s overweight. Urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence, increased daytime urinary frequency, nocturnal enuresis, vaginal bulging, and …show more content…
constipation are symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, which Ms. Eleanor exhibits (Haylen, 2010). Based on A&P I, Ribs 11 and 12 are considered floating ribs. Compared to the other 10 ribs that are attached to the breast and backbone, they are only attached to the backbone hence the name floating ribs (Weston, 2011). Anatomically speaking, ribs 11 and 12 are closer to the pelvic region. If anything were to occur in the pelvic region, it’s possible that it can affect those around it because the muscles in that area are attached to one another. The patient’s age is an important factor in the physician’s diagnosis. Eleanor, who is 88 years old is more likely to have pelvic floor dysfunction compared to someone younger. According to Jundth (2015), “The female pelvic floor serves multiple functions: urination and urinary incontinence, defecation and fecal continence, and keeping the pelvic organs in place.” Pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence becomes prevalent as we get older (Jundth, 2015). In this study, as the women’s age increase, so does the percentage of them being more prone to pelvic floor dysfunction. This makes sense because as we age, our cells, muscles, and bones tend to slow down, therefore causing them to become weak and capable of becoming easily altered causing abnormalities. This condition does not have multiple stages, but it has different types of dysfunctions which include pelvic organ prolapse, bladder incontinence, and bowel dysfunction. 50% of women over the ages of 50 are usually affected with pelvic organ prolapse (Elneil, 2009). Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the pelvic plate that holds the pelvic organs weakens (Elneil, 2009). This disorder normally occurs because of childbirth. Bladder incontinence makes it difficult to control urges of urination, and bowel dysfunction makes it difficult to defecate or ability to control defecating. All three disorders relate to each other and occurs when a person has pelvic floor dysfunction. Bones, muscles, and connective tissues are what the pelvic floor is made of. They provide support to the pelvic organs, spine, and pelvic girdle and assist with urinary, defecatory, and sexual function (Faubion, 2012). In terms of bones, one condition that may be responsible for Eleanor’s condition is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis may have played a role in changing Eleanor’s anatomical structure. Based on Giangregorio (2010), osteoporosis refers to the lack of bone strength due to bone deterioration. Osteoporosis might have occurred in Eleanor’s pelvic bones, causing the bones to become fragile, which may have lead to pelvic floor dysfunction. According to Wasnich (1997), because osteoporosis reduced bone mass or density, it increases risk in fracture. Wasnich (1997) also states that this condition occurs more towards women over the age of 85. Eleanor, who is now 88, meets that condition. Eleanor’s constipation is one of the symptoms in pelvic floor dysfunction (Faubion, 2012). One reason for so is that when pelvic floor dysfunction occurs, the pelvic region does not contract properly. Muscles such as the external anal sphincter are affected making it difficult to defecate (Faubion, 2012). Another reason is because when the pelvic floor muscles fail to relax properly, it causes constipation, which is why constipation occurs in people with pelvic floor dysfunction (Bharucha, 2007). Lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercise, and surgery are treatments I would recommend for Eleanor (Jundth, 2015).
In the beginning I inferred that Eleanor may be overweight due to her hypertension medications. It’s important to change her lifestyle by losing weight, because obesity is one of the causes of pelvic floor dysfunction. When the muscles in the pelvic region does not contract properly, it is known as Pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor exercises will help increase contractions and improve coordination (Jundth, 2015). This treatment will also help improve urinary incontinence or stress incontinence. Surgery should be the last resort if the pelvic floor exercise treatment fails. The reason for so is because of the multiple side effects such as bladder perforation, persistent bladder emptying dysfunction, and internal bleeding (Jundth,
2015).
Anterior pelvic tilt is the top of the pelvis rotating forward such as the ASIS are forward relative to the pubic symphysis. In the frontal plane it looks as if the posterior part of the pelvis is swayed backwards. As dancers we try to work through this resistance and achieve the greatest turn out possible. In order for us to gain greater turn out while standing we often try to open the hips more by sabotaging our alignment, sending the pelvis into anterior pelvic tip. Although you can achieve greater turn out this way, it ruins the aesthetic and makes the deep outward rotators less effective. This means that if you tried to perform a simple tendu to the front, you would not be able to stay turned out through the foot during the exercise. Anterior pelvic tilt also limits a dancer’s execution when doing a back battement.
Even though she is an elderly woman, she is still a strong and an independent person: "Quickly he checked her apartment for any signs of memory loss or depression. He found none and immediately felt relief. The apartment smelled of soap and Lysol, the signs of an old woman who wouldn't tolerate nonsense." (p. 116).
Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery performed on the female reproductive system For the purpose of this essay, I am going to discuss the role of the midwife in the care and management of a woman who has undergone a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing, 2014). It is major gynaecological surgery and the immediate post operative period is a very important time for recovery. As with every surgery, there are the associated risks attached. According to O'Connor et al, 2004, there is a 2% risk of infection, haemorrhage 0.5% and mortality 6-11 per 1000 regardless of which surgical method is used for the hysterectomy. Therefore, I am going to use relevant literature and guidelines to discuss
Hoehl, James J. (1998,Winter). Archives of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Sexual Dysfunction and the Elderly. (vol.2,no.1)[Online.]
According to Steen and Marchant (2007), 60-70% of women will require sutures after vaginal delivery. A common morbidity of lacerations in the perineum is acute pain (Steen et al., 2007). Indeed, many women who have had birth related lacerations have decreased mobility, difficulty sitting comfortably, or fear of defecation due to pain (Steen et al. 2007). Furthermore, this pain may impede a mother from breastfeeding, focusing on newborn care and can lead to increasing irritability (Steen et al., 2007).
J.P., a 58 year old female, presents to the Emergency Room on March 18th. She has a past medical history of cervical cancer, atheroembolism of the left lower extremity, fistula of the vagina, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, glaucoma, GERD, depression, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and sickle cell anemia. She complains of right lower extremity pain accompanied by fatigue, a decreased appetite, increased work of breathing, burning urination, and decreased urine output for three days. Upon admission, a complete physical assessment was performed along with a blood and metabolic panel. The assessment revealed many positive and negative findings.
Upon her review of systems Mary denies any recent vision changes, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness or loss of consciousness. She also denies any abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Rarely does Mary get constipated. She reports a normal appetite and eating pattern with occasional binges. There were no changes in motor strength reported, nor any sensory changes. It was revealed that she does complain of severe mood changes as well as hot flashes as a result of going t...
...ith prolapsed organs. Maintaining a healthy diet to include lots of fruits and vegetables and fiber is the best way to prevent constipation as well as drinking plenty of fluids. It has been recommended to drink half your body weight in ounces every day to maintain a healthy inner eco system. Drinking plenty of water helps maintain balance of hormones, bowel functions and cellular health. Other preventive measures can be taken when heavy lifting is required, be sure to used legs when lifting heavy objects or while working out. Proper lifting techniques will also prevent other injuries. By maintaining a healthy weight you will also prevent undue pressure on lower pelvic floor muscles. By practicing good prevention techniques not only will the pelvic floor be in good health but the rest of the body will benefit as well. Here’s to pelvic floor health! W/C 1184
One of the most common infections that occur in the urinary system is UTIs or Urinary Tract Infection. A UTI is when bacteria gets into the urinary system, either externally or from the digestive tract, and causes pain and irritation in the urinary tract (Friedl, n.d.). UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics. A common disease of the urinary system is incontinence, which is when you lose some or all of your bladder control (Friedl, n.d.). This can also cause retention problems, which is when you have trouble releasing urine from the bladder (Friedl, n.d.). Incontinence can be treated with medication and exercise that can help to retrain the muscle around the bladder and urethra area (Friedl, n.d.). Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome (BPS), is a type of chronic bladder condition that is primarily found in women (Zimmermann, 2016). IC can cause bladder pressure and pain, bladder scarring, and can cause less elasticity in the bladder (Zimmermann, 2016). Another form of inflammation in the urinary system is Prostatitis, the swelling of the prostate gland. Prostatitis is significant in that it only occurs in men and is often caused by advanced age (Zimmermann, 2016). It is generally cured by antibiotics. Kidney stones are an extremely painful condition that occurs in the urinary system when chemicals in the urine become
Patient Overview: Mrs M is a 78 year old female who lives at home with her husband. She has never smoked and has reduced her alcohol consumption due to her health conditions. Mrs M eats a well-balanced diet with small meals throughout the day and exercises by walking 3 times a week for 30 minutes. She manages her own medications and uses weekly pill boxes and timers creating a strict routine to remind her when to take her medications. Mrs M doesn’t have any difficulties with her medications such as being able to read and understand labels or problems opening boxes.
Elimination pattern varies among family members. No bowel or bladder problems. They all have regular bowel movements and voids frequently without complaints. The mother and daughter exercises at least three days per week. The father, who can be unbalanced at times, walks every day for one hour. If there is no one at home to accompany him, he will do so by himself and this has been going on for two years without a problem. While walking he stays in touch with family members every fifteen minutes. Due to his illness, he is unable to do other forms of exercises. He however enjoys going to the movies and shows with his wife and
According to Science, Tom Fordy lays out 10 things men do everyday. Two of the ten consist of “pelvic floor exercises” to save their sex life
The methods of both studies used in the purpose of this research are very similar. They both use databases to gather appropriate information on the patients being researched.
future career, that is to be an obstetrician, also known as an OB/GYN. Some of the topics that will be discussed in my paper are those pertaining to exactly what an obstetrician is and the requirements that are needed in order to become an obstetrition. These requirements will include the pyhsical and phsyschological personality traits of a potential obstetrician. The type of schooling that is nessecary, including the preperation that is available at Middlesex County College, and the average number of years that it takes in order to become an obstetrician. The demand for obstetricians will also be researched, along with the different promotional ranks that are available. Starting salaries, as well as potential salaries will be explained. The reasons as to why a career in obstetrics appeals to me and the other possible career choices that I may decide to persuade in the future.
An obstetrician is one thing, and a gynecologist is another. The job is combined together, but the two branches can be worked separately. An obstetrician is a physician who focuses and is trained in the management of pregnancy, labor, and pueperium (the period following childbirth). A physician who has specialized and trained in the health of the female reproductive system is a gynecologist. The reason the jobs are combined is because they’re both all about women. Obstetricians and Gynecologists are physicians who provide general medical care to women. They equip medical care associated with pregnancy or childbirth, and they diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases, especially those affecting the female