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Theoretical foundation of nursing
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PATRICIA BENNER 2
Patricia Benner
Ashlee Seek
South University
Running head: PATRICIA BENNER 1
PATRICIA BENNER 10
Patricia Benner
Dr. Patricia Benner is a retired nursing professor who received a variety of distinguished accomplishments and accolades throughout her career. Dr. Benner completed her PhD in 1982, published nine books and numerous articles. Her book ?Novice to Expert Theory? received book of the year from AJN four times ("Patricia E. Benner," 2013) Benner?s mid-range nursing theory From Novice to Expert is a theory based on the belief that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through an educational foundation as well as a variety of experiences. Benner distinguished
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The theorist further suggests that personal experience is subjective and can be better interpreted by someone who shares a similar background (Butts & Rich, 2015). Furthermore, self- awareness is fundamental to sound nursing judgment. The nurse-client relationship is an evolving relationship designed to meet the patient?s need at the right time in the right circumstance (Butts & Rich, 2015).
The 4 Metaparadigms in Nursing as defined by Patricia Benner:
Nursing: Benner describes nursing as an enabling condition of connection and concern. She believes the nurse-client relationship has an emotional component. Thus, nursing practice involves the care and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and disease and the relationships among these three elements (Syjongtian, 2014). Person: Benner suggests that the person is viewed as an active participant and gets defined in the course of living a life. The major aspects that make up a person include the role of a situation, the role of the body, the role of personal concerns, and the role of temporality (Syjongtian, 2014). Together the aspects of these roles define and formulate judgments and meanings to the individual
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As a new nurse I received a patient from the emergency department with severe dehydration. Upon arrival, I had orders to bolus the patient with normal saline and then maintain IV fluids at an hourly rate. Breath sounds were initially clear although the patient appeared short of breath. I followed the orders but the patient?s status deteriorated. He became increasingly short of breath. I called the attending physician for further orders. Labs, revealed a markedly elevated BNP. An echocardiogram from two months prior reported an ejection fraction of less than 15%. It was later discovered that the patient had anasarca. This was the first of many examples in which my personal clinical experience directly impacted the patient?s outcome. Prior to this experience, I had a no personal knowledge of what congestive heart failure looked like, only a text book definition (which taught me to listen for rales or crackles). Afterwards, I learned to do my own investigation instead of relying solely on report and physician?s orders. Through the years, I have learned to trust my judgment and advocate for my patient on behalf of my personal experience and clinical
In the nurse-patient relationship, there are three phases that help the relationship develop. Craven and Hirnle (2009) describe the first phase, orientation, “consists of introductions and agreement between nurse and client about their mutual roles and responsibilities” (p. 329). It is in this orientation phase that first impressions are made a...
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
The application of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship is absolutely essential to providing the appropriate care to clients (College of Nurses of Ontario, 1999, p. 3). The therapeutic nurse client relationship consists of four components; respect, trust, professional intimacy and empathy (College of Nurses of Ontario, 1999, p. 3). Though, I have not been able to establish a nurse-client relationship yet, I have established customer-client relationships. Customers react similarly to clients when respect is established. One experience in particular really helped me make this comparison.
Theory’s responsibility is to provide nurses with standards that reinforce practice, as well as, for future nursing understanding and delivery. Basically, it provides nursing professionals with a tested way of thought on how to handle certain situations with proven results. The importance of nursing theories to nursing research is the knowledge offered gives nurses the foundation for communicating with others and best practice. Middle range theory according to McEwen & Wills (2011, p 35) are theories that have concrete concepts, that are specific, incorporate a measured number of concepts and characteristics of the real world and are tested for accuracy.
420). Where in each situation I encountered, many conversations had passed before I developed the ability to communicate appropriately; it is essential to also anticipate what will happen and build off of that so initial communication is more insightful. Jasmine (2009) found that each individual’s insights and understandings of a situation could directly affect the capacity in which they respond to a certain type of care or how a nurse delivers that type of care. How an individual perceives what is happening in their surroundings or what they have learned through health promotion will affect the level of care they are seeking and in turn help the nurse to anticipate the result of the method they used (p. 420). Jasmine (2009) also stated that in addition to the virtuosity behind nursing, it is also valuable to look at the science and know that it is important to understand the cognitive thinking that goes into the practice. A nurse must be able to use their knowledge base to develop objective information about the client as well as interpret the subjective information that is divulged by the client (p. 240). Jasmine has contrasting opinions to those that I stated, where she finds that technical ability is just as important as drawing on personal experiences to relate with the client. I whole heartedly agree with everything
This paper explores the personal philosophy I have as a nursing student and what I intend to convey throughout my nursing career. A philosophy is “an analysis of the grounds and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs (Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, n.d.). Before entering into any profession it is important to evaluate your personal philosophy about the profession, as it pertains to values and principles in which believe in to guide your practice. The field of nursing is more than treating a physiological ailment, but it involves providing quality care for the individualized needs of each patient, hence being client centered. My philosophy of nursing integrates the importance of knowledge base practice of medicine, combined with addressing holistic needs of the patient and family, including the physical, psychological, cognitive, emotional, spiritual and social care (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2010). Additionally, a vital aspect of nursing is effective interpersonal relationships with other healthcare professionals to promote quality patient care. Moreover, my philosophy includes the importance the client-nurse relationship to aid in health promotion to prevent illness and increase the level of health of clients.
Does the theory reveal the extent to which it can guide the phenomenon of nursing? The theory does reveal that it can aid in the identification of causes of uncertainty and interventions that can be done by the nurse to help decrease uncertainty.
As health care providers, nurses strive to instill confidence in their patients and their loved ones. A nurse is respectful to their colleagues as well as their patients. Nurses promote patients’ independence, patients can be confident in the knowledge that a nurse will do what is best for them, respecting their privacy and dignity. This means that a nurse does not share the patient information for personal reasons nor does the nurse get involved in a patients personal relationship if it is not medically relevant (NCSBN, 2011).
Thorne, S. (2010). Theoretical Foundation of Nursing Practice. In P.A, Potter, A.G. Perry, J.C, Ross-Kerr, & M.J. Wood (Eds.). Canadian fundamentals of nursing (Revised 4th ed.). (pp.63-73). Toronto, ON: Elsevier.
The nursing profession has develop gradually and greatly over time, moving from one concept to another dependence upon total medical direction providing basic care into an independent practice modality with its own nursing theory practice, nursing models, and distinct nursing interventions. Nursing theories have been developed by a large number of leaders in the nursing field; Ms Roy is a major contributor to the development of professional nursing practice, she is famous for the adaption theory.
Self awareness in nursing refers to how glowing nurses comprehend themselves, their strengths, weaknesses, attitude and ethics in order to better transact with their patients. Self- awareness includes review of self, together with self confidence. Self -regulation express beyond one`s emotion and being trustworthy. For nurses to be able to empathize with their patients and treat them with compassion, they have to be self aware. When nurses are self aware, they are capable to adapt to, or certainly change their attitudes and deed in order to understand how unusual people take care of them hence improving the nurse- patient relationship. Nurses must reflect carefully on whether they can sustain in dependence in caring for a client and whether the relationship interferes with gathering the client’s needs. It is also essential to be sure that providing care to family and friends does not interfere with the care of other clients or with the dynamics of the health care group. Before making the conclusion, the nurse may possibly wish to discuss the situation with colleagues and the employer.
In her theory, nursing skills and experiences are what is required to become an expert. Each step a nurse takes to build up their skills to master the expert level is built upon the previous steps. The nurse needs to have a good foundation in order to move them closer to obtaining the expert level. Benner’s theory also showed that practicing nurses can and should form theory (Current Nursing, 2013). Benner’s theory has five levels: the novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient and expert. The novice needs to be told what to do. Advanced beginner can recognize components that reoccur. A competent nurse is one that has had two-three years in the same type of situations. The proficient nurse starts to look at the whole picture and starts to critically think. The expert nurse does not need to look at the guidelines to react. An expert nurse has had many similar situations that, he or she can reflect upon a situation, analyze it and react quickly. Benner’s theory will be applied by discussing the problem,. a strategy to solve the problem,. discussion around the strategy and problem,. and finally the conclusion,. which will state what new knowledge was gathered by the
Defining what a nurse is varies from person to person. Some have described a nurse as a person who shows care to their patients while others say that nurses assist to regain the ill’s health back. There is no wrong answer in defining what a nurse is. Moreover, I believe that a nurse is one who treats their patients with the dignity and respect that they deserve, and assists them in promoting and preventing their health illness and lastly, enhancing their health to optimal status. Nursing is viewed as a human science because nurse must display a connection with each patient. One must view the patients as a person, who has feelings, who behaves a certain way and who deserve to be well cared for. In addition, nursing is not a profession that treats
Many persons go into the healthcare ground because they want to work with people. For these nurses, it is the nurse-patient relationship that is one of the most significant things. By understanding the nurse-patient relationship, nurses can be better furnished to work with their patients and, eventually, deliver superior care for them. Hildegard Peplau's model of nursing emphases on that nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the diverse roles nurses take on when working with patients.
The purpose of this paper is to define my professional nursing philosophy. I will utilize the nursing metaparadigm as a framework for integrating the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing into my nursing practice. Secondly, I will discuss Jean Watson’s theory of human care and how this has personally impacted my profession as a nurse and guided my nursing philosophy.