Middle Range Theory
Theory’s responsibility is to provide nurses with standards that reinforce practice, as well as, for future nursing understanding and delivery. Basically, it provides nursing professionals with a tested way of thought on how to handle certain situations with proven results. The importance of nursing theories to nursing research is the knowledge offered gives nurses the foundation for communicating with others and best practice. Middle range theory according to McEwen & Wills (2011, p 35) are theories that have concrete concepts, that are specific, incorporate a measured number of concepts and characteristics of the real world and are tested for accuracy.
Beck’s Approach to Theory Development
Becks approach to theory development in regard’s to postpartum psychosis, postpartum depression and maternity blues, is a grounded theory, which is a process of theory identification that allows the researcher the information to explain the general features of an issue, while establishing a theory. Beck started by reviewing existing literature on maternity blues. Reflecting on characteristics of postmodern philosophy of science. Beck believed, as reported by Lasiuk & Fergusson (2005) “Each successive research project should be guided by the previous research study. The object of this systematic, continuous inquiry is the cumulative production of new knowledge in a substantive area of nursing.” By looking at all available research Beck was able to get a complete understanding of maternal blues from the information she gathered.
Beck went on to formulate a mothers attempt to cope with postpartum depression and identified four stages: Stage one, encountering terror, stage two, dying of self. Stage three...
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Merriam webster (2014). Assumption - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/assumption
Nola Pender - Theoretical Foundations of Nursing. (2011). Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/nola-pender.html
Nursing Theories (2012). Health Promotion Model. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://nursingplanet.com/health_promotion_model.html
Pender, N. J. (n.d.). Imformation and Research for Nurses Worldwide. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/85352/Health_Promotion_Model-Frequent_Questions.pdf?sequence=1
University of Michigan (n.d.). CHCR: People: Nola J. Pender, PhD, RN, FAAN. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://chcr.umich.edu/person.php?id=456
After giving birth, women will have hormonal oscillations (Rosequist). In the meanwhile, their bodies are getting back to their normal state, however if that “blues” does not go away, it can evolve in a deep depression. As she recalls, saying: “And yet I cannot be with him, it make me so nervous”(Gilman), it is obvious that Post-Partum depression is the cause of her poor attachment with the child; the mother can be hazardous to the baby; mood swing occur, and in extremes circumstances, about 1 in 1,000, it can bring psychotic indications (Hilts). If this condition if left untreated, it can cause serious psychological and physical damages. Treatment would include anti-depressants and therapy. This can also trigger other types of mental
A Woman's Struggle Captured in The Yellow Wallpaper Pregnancy and childbirth are very emotional times in a woman's life and many women suffer from the "baby blues." The innocent nickname for postpartum depression is deceptive because it down plays the severity of this condition. Although she was not formally diagnosed with postpartum depression, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) developed a severe depression after the birth of her only child (Kennedy et. al. 424).
In order to understand middle range theories, a practical knowledge of the definition should be achieved before attempting to applying to concepts or classifications to the models. Middle range theories are defined as, theories that are fundamentally individual while incorporating a controlled amount of assumptions furthermore, having a limited characteristic of reality. These concepts are defined and may be tested (McEwen & Wills, 2011 p. 35).
Sit, D., Rothschild, A. J., & Wisner, K. L. (2006). A review of postpartum psychosis. J Womens
The middle range nursing theory that is connected to the chosen phenomenon of interest is Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model. This theory outlines health as a positive self-motivated state. It describes the various nature of patients as they interrelate with their surroundings to achieve a healthier life. Pender’s model concentrates on three subjects: individual traits and experiences, behavior cognitions and affects, and behavioral outcomes. The Health Promotion Model assumes that individuals alter themselves and their environment as they actively normalize their own behavior. The plan also suggests that health care personnel institute a part of society’s interpersonal environment, which gives them the ability to influence individuals throughout their lifetime. The initiation of self-altering conduct of the person-environment is vital for the accomplishment of a long term change in conduct. Bystander CPR is a skill that is crucial for the increased survival rate of cardiac arrest patients. Individuals must possess the knowledge and skills necessary for this technique in order to perform when needed. Nurses and other health care personnel have the ability to educate and implement the education and skills training necessary for society to increase the rate of
Having a child can be the happiest moment of a person’s life. A sweet little baby usually gives new parents tremendous joy. That joy can be accompanied with anxiety about the baby and the responsibility the new parents are faced with. The anxiety, in most cases, fades and joy is what remains. For some new mothers, however, the joy is replaced with a condition known as postpartum depression. “Postpartum depression is a serious disorder that until recently was not discussed in public…Women did not recognize their symptoms as those of depression, nor did they discuss their thoughts and fears regarding their symptoms” (Wolf, 2010). As such, postpartum depression is now recognized as a disorder harmful to both mother and infant, but, with early detection, is highly treatable with the use of psychotherapy, antidepressants, breastfeeding, and other natural remedies, including exercise.
The nursing profession is considered both an art and a science. An example of the science of nursing is the theory and evidence based practice guidelines (EBP), which influence a nurses practice. The art of nursing is fluid of bringing science and patient care into nursing practice. Nurses in all levels of nursing educational programs should study nursing theory. According to Eun-Ok (2015) theory evaluation has declined and it is essential to developing nursing knowledge; which, leads to the development of nursing discipline. Nursing theory should be continually evolving as current health care trends evolve. The best way to accomplish this is through incorporating theory in academia and nursing
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
& Willis, E. M. explains the middle-range theories were first introduced in sociology in 1960’s then were offered in nursing in 1974 focusing on emerging disciplines because they were available to introduce through research in compare to grand theories. Middle-range nursing theory was established fifteen years later, and is reinforced by repeated criticism of the summary of grand theories and their difficulties in use to research and practice. The reason of middle-range theory is to define, clarify, and predict occurrences that easer to apply in practical situations, and potentially to direct nursing interventions, change circumstances of situations to improve the care and potentially best outcome. Focus on middle-range theory is supported by theoretical framework for research studies, tested by research and use in practice, and scientific end product expressing nursing knowledge. (McEwen, M. & Willis, E. M.,
Walker, L.O., & Avant, K.C. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Walker, L. O., & Avant, K. C. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Walker, L.O., & Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
According to nursingjounrnal (2005) Middle range theories are applicable to each aspect of the nurse profession from administration, education, and direct patient care. Since middle range theory lie between grand theory and specific situation theory. Most nurses believed that middle range theory intervention are more specific on solving problem and if implemented at the bedside as intended they will always bring positive outcomes to the patients . The focus on improved patient outcome and patient satisfaction will be the future development in nurse theory and middle range theories lend to this development. Evidence based practice developed through the use of research studies and theory will lead the nurse in to the future practice. According to Meleis (2012) “Middle-range theories are at those levels of conceptualization that could inform nursing practice and research, and thus continue the cycle of advancing foundational knowledge and enhancing quality care”. To understand responses to health and
Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Physical activity has been linked to decreasing the risk of developing breast and colon cancers, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, depression, and risk of falls (World Health Organization, 2013). The World Health Organization has outlined a generic thirty minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity five times per week as a standard for acquiring health benefits (2013). Unfortunately, the majority of the population does not attain these minimum physical activity requirements (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). Nowadays, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality in the world (World Health Organization, 2013). Effective strategies to improve the participation in physical activity are desperately needed (Johnson & Taylor, 2011). The middle-range theory proposed by Murrock and Higgins suggests that music, mood, and movement (MMM) can play a role in effecting participation in and intensity of physical activity and in turn, improve health outcomes (2009). More specifically, there are three theoretical statements that are of importance for this theory.