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Key principles of scientific thinking
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In The Controversy over the Existence of Ordinary Objects, Amie L. Thomasson discusses controversy surrounding whether atoms exist, or ordinary objects exist. The idea mentions only atoms exist and therefore, ordinary objects do not exist. Thomasson rejects the claim that only atoms or ordinary objects can exist; Both cannot exist. Thus, Thomasson defends the existence of ordinary objects by discrediting arguments to vagueness and misuses of language. I agree that ordinary objects exist. In Section 1 I will describe this claim in depth. In Section 2 I will present an objection to this claim and argue for it.
Section 1: Argument
The claim above begins with the idea that an object and atoms cannot both exist. Either atoms exist or ordinary objects exist. It is impossible for atoms to be the underlying structure of an ordinary object. One must be chosen. Thomasson begins by introducing a short passage from Sir Arthur Eddington. He establishes a difference
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If atoms exist, then ordinary objects do not exist. During the discovery of the atom, chemists such as J. J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and more utilized the scientific method2. Through their procedural testing, data was collected and conclusions were made. These findings are well accepted in the scientific community and are relevant to the argument which is scientific in nature. The data to back these findings of atoms exist. If scientific questions should only consider scientific thinking, then atoms do exist and ordinary objects are comprised of an atomic structure. Thus, where there is factual scientific evidence available to support a claim, philosophy shouldn’t be in the picture. An easy conclusion would be to accept the scientific proof. If philosophy and metaphysics cannot be approached scientifically, then the other way around should be treated the
In "Energy Story" uses an explanation of atoms and tells us the parts of an atom and its structure. In the text it
A boy and his family are taken by Nazis and struggle to survive the holocaust. Boy on the Wooden Box by Leon Leyson is Leon’s life during the holocaust. This takes place in Poland in the early 1940s. This was a scary time because World War II was going on. Their family is on the edge looking for many ways to survive.
Physicist in the 1900 first started to consider the structure of atoms. The recent discovery of J. J. Thomson of the negatively charged electron implied that a neutral atom must also contain an opposite positive charge. In 1903 Thomson had suggested that the atom was a sphere of uniform positive electrification , with electrons scattered across it like plum in an pudding. (Later known as the Plum Pudding Model)
Skepticism is the view that there is no way to prove that objects exist outside of us. Skeptics hold that we can not distinguish between dreams and reality, and therefore what we take to be true can very well be creations of our minds while we are nothing more than a simple piece of matter, such as a brain sitting in a vat that is connected to a machine that simulates a perfect representation of reality for the “brain” to live in.1 In the excerpt “Proof of an External World” from his essay of the same name, G.E. Moore responds to the skeptic’s argument by attempting to prove the existence of external objects. There are four parts to this paper. Firstly, I will explain Moore’s overall argumentative strategy and how he considers his proof to be rigorous and legitimate. Then, I will present Moore’s proof of the existence of an external world. Thirdly, I will discuss the responses that skeptics may have to Moore’s argument and how Moore defends his proof against the these responses. Finally, I will give my opinion on how efficiently Moore defends his claims against the skeptics’ responses.
In the new world after doomsday there are two societies that have risen from the ashes of the former United States that they fight for control all the former US. There will be two of the best,one an elite and one a gutter rat .One from the Republic's elite and from the slums of the Republic will fall in love. In the story Legend, June is assigned to a team that her job was to hunt down and kill Day because he's accused of the murder of metis June's brother who was a republic elite . In the story Prodigy by Marie Lu June and Day incites riots in La which leads to them joining Patriots which is a resistance group against the republic because they had no other choice they were desperate . Throughout the story they discover all the corruption in the system of both republic and patriots. Throughout the two stories Prodigy & Legend by Marie Lu. The many different aspects of love such as that with love you can forgive anything and with love you can conquer any hurdle these aspects of love are used a major themes throughout the two stories.
In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).
How would you feel growing up in a world and never being considered normal? The book “Wonder” by R.J Palacio features a young boy, August Pullman, whose life was anything but normal. Life isn’t always easy, but for August it was especially grueling. Even though August would have gotten an education if he stayed home schooled, August’s school experience was good for him because he learned a lot of new things, he had awesome yet frightening adventures, and he made some friends along the way.
The first argument to be discussed is that of conceivability, which aims to disprove that the mind and
Messenger, E., Gooch, J., & Seyler, D. U. (2011). Arguing About Science. Argument! (pp. 396-398). New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill Co..
The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object. This is not the intention for the use of the word in quantum physics. Quantum particles are, instead, representations of the actions and reactions of forces at the sub-atomic level. In fact, physicists are less concerned with the search for a material particle underlying all physical objects and more interested in explaining how nature works. Quantum theory is the means that enables the physicist to express those explanations in a scientific way.
By using this “wave-particle duality” (2), Tim Freke contrasts between the logical thinking and the paralogical thinking. Tim Freke, further quotes Carl Jung and Niels Bohr to illustrate the contrast between the logical and paralogical thinking. Niels Bohr’s explanation of the truths – “there are trivial truths and there are great truths”. The opposite of a trivial truth is plainly false [however] the opposite of a great truth is also true” (5) – is an intriguing and interesting example used by Tim Freke to support his argument of paralogical thinking.
Moreover, as mentioned before, in my opinion, Strawson’s objection is not convincing enough to reduce the strength of Russell’s Theory of Definite Description.
He refutes three of those in order to prove that our ideas of material objects are in
The first of which is known as the ‘Wrong Basis’ Argument that was introduced by Grover Maxwell. Anti-realism is a doctrine about ontology that is based on observability which is achieved by discussing facts about a human’s capability of what they can and cannot perceive. According to Maxwell, this concept is misguided; observability is problematic and thus, does not provide a strong foundation to anti-realism. To distinguish what exists from what is nonexistent, we look at the difference between observation and detection. Observation occurs when the entity is observed directly without a mediating image while contrastingly detection occurs when an image is observed with the use of a mediating object, such as a telescope, after which the entity’s existence is inferred.
According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the discussion of definite and indefinite descriptions has been at the center of heated debates of analytic philosophy for over a century. There have been many compelling arguments and interesting views by many philosophers on this topic, and it is hard to yet conclude whose argument is more correct. In this essay, I will first briefly explain Russell’s analysis of definite descriptions, then present both Strawson’s and Donnellan’s views of descriptions in opposition to Russell’s, then I will conclude the essay by showing why I find the analysis of definite descriptions by Donnellan more persuasive than the others’. To put it simply, Russell believes that the statement, ‘the F is G’ has three components: existence (xFx), uniqueness (xy((FxFy)y=x)), and predication (x(FxGx)). In other words, for a statement, ‘the F is G,’ to be true, there must exist at least one thing which is F, there must exist at most one thing which is F, and whatever is F must be G. To expand on this, a sentence of the form ‘The F is G’ states, ‘There is one and only one F and it is G’ and the difference between ‘The F is G’ and ‘An F is G’ is that the latter is just stating there is a (G) F, whereas the use of the definite article, uniqueness.