Obtaining Zinc Oxide from Calamine
Introduction
Calamine is a mineral containing zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) On heating it
decomposes as:
[IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂
(C = 12, 0 = 16, Zn = 65)
This equation allows you to calculate a theoretical conversion of
calamine into zinc oxide. As when using the theoretical conversion;
[IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂
[IMAGE]65+12+48 65+16 + 12+32
[IMAGE]125 81 + 44
This means that one mole of calamine weighs 125g and when heated it
produces 81g of zinc oxide and 44g of carbon dioxide. Therefore to
work out how much zinc oxide is produced from 1g of calamine we divide
81 by 125.
81/125 = 0.648g
To calculate how much zinc oxide is produced from 2g of calamine 0.648
is doubled:
0.648 x 2 = 1.296g
To calculate how much zinc oxide is produced from 3g of calamine 0.648
is tripled and so on when increasing the mass of calamine. On the next
page there is a table of the theoretical conversions for how much zinc
oxide is produced from using certain amounts of calamine (1g-9g)
Mass Of ZnCO₃ (g)
Mass of ZnO Produced (g)
1
0.648
2
1.296
3
1.944
4
2.592
5
3.24
6
3.888
7
4.536
8
5.184
9
5.832
Here is a graph of the results predicted from the table…………
This experiment is going to see how much zinc oxide can be obtained
from calamine. It shall also show how close to the conversion can be
achieved in practice.
Hypothesis
In a previous experiment where copper carbonate was obtained from
malachite the results showed that as the more malachite was used the
more product was produced. The relationship between the mass of
malachite used and the amount of copper oxide obtained was
proportional. Malachite and calamine are next to each other in the
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200 Extraction and stripping then occur, here the copper ions are selectively removed from the leaching solution by the "ligand exchange solvent extractionγ " method. During this a good ligand (a molecule containing one or more unshared pairs of electronsδ ) is dissolved in an organic solvent, such as kerosene, which is immiscible with water. This solution is mixed with ater containing Cu2+ ions and a displacement reaction occurs. Cu2+ (aq) + 2LH(organic) → CuL2(organic) + 2H+(aq) Equation 1γ
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A Miracle Mineral Solution is being attempted to be sold by an online ‘church’ as a cure-all for many of the world’s diseases, such as cancer, autism, and HIV/AIDS. The Miracle Mineral Solution is a diluted bleach mixture that is being prompted and sold in Canada, regardless of all the Health Canada warnings. Health Canada is saying that MMS is unsafe for human consumption because it contains sodium chlorite, which poses serious health risks if ingested. MMS is usually taken orally or through enemas. In some cases the mixture is being used by parents who are looking for a cure for their children that have autism. The founder of the online ‘church’, Jim Humble claims that “up to 95 per cent of all diseases caused by pathogens can be cured with
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Based on your experiments what is the formula of the colorless gas that is released when heating the malachite?