Obtaining Zinc Oxide from Calamine
Introduction
Calamine is a mineral containing zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) On heating it
decomposes as:
[IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂
(C = 12, 0 = 16, Zn = 65)
This equation allows you to calculate a theoretical conversion of
calamine into zinc oxide. As when using the theoretical conversion;
[IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂
[IMAGE]65+12+48 65+16 + 12+32
[IMAGE]125 81 + 44
This means that one mole of calamine weighs 125g and when heated it
produces 81g of zinc oxide and 44g of carbon dioxide. Therefore to
work out how much zinc oxide is produced from 1g of calamine we divide
81 by 125.
81/125 = 0.648g
To calculate how much zinc oxide is produced from 2g of calamine 0.648
is doubled:
0.648 x 2 = 1.296g
To calculate how much zinc oxide is produced from 3g of calamine 0.648
is tripled and so on when increasing the mass of calamine. On the next
page there is a table of the theoretical conversions for how much zinc
oxide is produced from using certain amounts of calamine (1g-9g)
Mass Of ZnCO₃ (g)
Mass of ZnO Produced (g)
1
0.648
2
1.296
3
1.944
4
2.592
5
3.24
6
3.888
7
4.536
8
5.184
9
5.832
Here is a graph of the results predicted from the table…………
This experiment is going to see how much zinc oxide can be obtained
from calamine. It shall also show how close to the conversion can be
achieved in practice.
Hypothesis
In a previous experiment where copper carbonate was obtained from
malachite the results showed that as the more malachite was used the
more product was produced. The relationship between the mass of
malachite used and the amount of copper oxide obtained was
proportional. Malachite and calamine are next to each other in the
The purpose for this experiment was to determine why it was not possible to obtain a high percent yield when Calcium Nitrate Ca(〖NO_3)〗_2 with a concentration of 0.101 M was mixed with Potassium Iodate KIO_3 with concentration of 0.100 M at varying volumes yielding Calcium Iodate precipitate and Potassium Nitrate. Filtration was used to filter the precipitates of the solutions. The percent yield for solution 1 was 87.7%, and the percent yield for solution 2 was 70.8%. It was not possible to obtain a high percent yield because Calcium Iodate is not completely soluble and some of the precipitates might have been rinsed back to the filtrates when ethanol was used to remove water molecules in the precipitate.
2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%. This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a good yield because part of this experiment is an equilibrium reaction. Hypochlorite must be used in excess to push the reaction to the right. Also, there were better ways to do this experiment where higher yields could have been produced. For example PCC could have been used. However, because of its toxic properties, its use is restricted. The purpose of this experiment was to determine which of the 3 compounds was formed from the starting material. The third compound was the oxidation of both alcohols. This could not have been my product because of the results of my IR. I had a broad large absorption is the range of 3200 to 3500 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of an alcohol. If my compound had been fully oxidized then there would be no such alcohol present. Also, because of my IR, I know that my compound was one of the other 2 compounds because of the strong sharp absorption at 1705 wavenumbers. This indicates the presence of a carbonyl. Also, my 2,4-DNP test was positive. Therefore I had to prove which of the two compounds my final product was. The first was the oxidation of the primary alcohol, forming an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol. This could not have been my product because the Tollen’s test. My test was negative indicating no such aldehyde. Also, the textbook states that aldehydes show 2 characteristic absorption’s in the range of 2720-2820 wavenumbers. No such absorption’s were present in my sample. Therefore my final product was the oxidation of the secondary alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone
It is essentially using the the mass of the product to figure out the original mass that we are looking for. Thus, the purpose of our experiment was to compare the final mass in our reaction to the initial mass and determine the change in mass. In our experiment, we utilized the hydrate cobaltous chloride. Hydrates are crystalline compounds in which one or more molecules of water are combined with each unit of salt. Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is an inorganic compound which has a deep rose color in its hydrated form.
The mass of Mg + the mass of O2=mass of MgxOx. Knowing the mass of
Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
The purpose of this lab was to to cycle solid copper through a series of chemical forms and return it to its original form. A specific quantity of copper undergo many types of reactions and went through its whole cycle, then returned to its solid copper to be weighted. We observed 5 chemical reactions involving copper which are: Redox reaction (which includes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed), double displacement reaction, precipitation reaction, decomposition reaction, and single displacement reaction.
To investigate the temperature change in a displacement reaction between Copper Sulphate Solution and Zinc Powder
Reaction 2: H = 50 x 4.18 x -10.3" H = -2152.7 This value is for 1.37g of calcium oxide, not 56.1g, which is its relative molecular mass. Therefore: H =
A Miracle Mineral Solution is being attempted to be sold by an online ‘church’ as a cure-all for many of the world’s diseases, such as cancer, autism, and HIV/AIDS. The Miracle Mineral Solution is a diluted bleach mixture that is being prompted and sold in Canada, regardless of all the Health Canada warnings. Health Canada is saying that MMS is unsafe for human consumption because it contains sodium chlorite, which poses serious health risks if ingested. MMS is usually taken orally or through enemas. In some cases the mixture is being used by parents who are looking for a cure for their children that have autism. The founder of the online ‘church’, Jim Humble claims that “up to 95 per cent of all diseases caused by pathogens can be cured with
A cuvette was filled 3/ 4ths of the way and the absorbance measured in a spectrophotometer. The data was compiled as a class and recorded. The Spectrophotometer was blanked using a test tube of distilled water.
This is called copper oxide. The copper carbonate has been decomposed. Copper oxide is made by thermal decomposition of copper carbonate. Carbon dioxide is also made. The formula for this is: Copper Carbonate =
Strong heating of calcium carbonate produces calcium oxide, CaO, and carbon dioxide. tlcQeA from tlcQeA coursewrok tlcQeA work tlcQeA info tlcQeA CaCO3(s) à ƒaO (s) + CO2 (g)coce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce. Limestone is given the equation CaO, slaked lime is produced when CaO reacts with water, this is where further amount of H2O is added which turns this into a saturated aqueous solution known as limewater. Ca(OH)2 (aq) and is used for tests to show the presence of CO2.
Based on your experiments what is the formula of the colorless gas that is released when heating the malachite?
1.) Gas Syringe 100cm³ - I chose this as it is easy to measure the
3-Calculate the powder. Place 1 lb. (454 g) of citric acid powder in a non-metallic pot. Set the pot aside.