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Obstructive sleep apnea case study
Obstructive sleep apnea case study
Obstructive sleep apnea case study
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Ken was seen today now 18 months into therapy for his moderate degree obstructive sleep apnoea. He is doing very well and has persisted with his nasal mask and he is no longer noticing any mouth breathing. He is using his machine seven hours a night and his residual AHI of 0.8 events/hr is suggesting complete control of his obstructive sleep apnoea. There is a high mask leak indice which he believes is more so from his mask than mouth and this seems to have resolved with tightening of the straps. He continues to wake refreshed and has no symptoms of concern throughout the day. I note that his blood pressure has recently been measured as a little high and today I measured it at 150/70. He is seeing you next week to discuss this further.
Concerning his ongoing symptoms, it is likely that he has some mild asthma in association with low-grade rhinosinusitis and intermittent reflux. I have advised him to continue with Nexium, but he will commence Alvesco 160mvg daily and intranasal saline and steroid sprays.
Previous research used noninvasive ventilation to help those with COPD improve their altered level of consciousness by allowing the alveoli to be ventilated and move the trapped carbon dioxide out of the lungs. When too much carbon dioxide is in the blood, the gas moves through the blood-brain barrier and causes an acidosis within the body, because not enough carbon dioxide is being blown off through ventilation. The BiPAP machine allows positive pressure to enter the lungs, expand all the way to the alveoli, and create the movement of air and blood. Within the study, two different machines were used; a regular BiPAP ventilator and a bilevel positive airway pressure – spontaneous/timed with average volume assured pressure support, or AVAPS. The latter machine uses a setting for a set tidal volume and adjusts based on inspiratory pressure.
Thank you for this consult. I will continue to follow up with you on this patient. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me via email.
...re shortness of breath during night presenting itself in episodes, usually where the individual suddenly wakes up quite panicked and anxious it known as Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (Bozkurt). Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is caused by abnormal blood or fluid in the lungs, usually the individual stands up the fluid moves down that is why when Mr Smith has an paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea episode he is relieved by sitting on the side of his bed, in doing so the fluid moves down away from his lungs. If Mr Smith does suffer from pulmonary hypertension and if it were to worsen his paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea would not be relieved by standing up or sitting down on the side of his bed as the pulmonary hypertension eventually weaken the left ventricle of his heart which in affect would not be able to pump out the fluid resulting in continued shortness of breath (T. doug).
Sleeping disorders are a very common thing that people face every day. A sleeping disorder is when a person is unable to sleep or unable to stay asleep when they have the chance to do so. There are many things that impact a person through out the day, causing sleeping disorders but the two most common are stress and medical problems. Stress is so common in adults and college students preventing them from being able to fall asleep and getting the right amount of sleep they need each night. Medical problems such as sleep apnea and night terrors also do the same thing and are not curable. This is not good because many people cannot perform a normal day without the right amount of sleep the night before.
Sleep apnea is becoming increasingly more concerning for the association this sleep disorder poses to the psychological effects on people. Sleep deprivation is only one example of the effects caused by this medical condition which could be related to increased anxiety and depression. Millions of Americans suffer from sleep apnea without even realizing the sleep disorder is creating a problem. There has been significant progress in identifying sleep apnea, especially obstructive sleep apnea, and creating successful methods to help individuals more easily live with it. The thought of losing breath while sleeping without knowing this is occurring can intimidate an individual and his or her family. Studies reveal the link between sleep apnea and the psychological effects it causes which can include anxiety, depression, relationship problems, lack of dreams, and other issues. Other factors to consider related to the research of sleep apnea include culture, gender, age, obesity, and habits including smoking and drinking.
Sleeping is an important part of human lives. Without sleep mankind cannot operate at the proper functioning levels required by everyday life. Sleep apnea affects many Americans today, but many do not understand what it is, and how it poses problems to health. Whether it is obstructive or central, sleep apnea is a serious condition that can cause many problems and should be treated.
In certain cases patients are provided with mouthpieces and other breathing apparatus which helps them sleep properly.
Sleep apnea is a very serious disorder because you can easily die from it because you totally stop breathing. The pause in breathing usually last only a few seconds but can happen 30 or more times in an hour. When breathing will resume in usually results in a snore or a choking sound. People with sleep apnea are usually tired more than most throughout the day because when they start to snore or have pauses in their breathing they move out of a deep sleep and into a light sleep. Sleep apnea is very hard for doctors to diagnose because it only happens when you are asleep. The only way to become aware of your sleep apnea is usually by a family member or a spouse who notices you snoring or have pauses when you are asleep. One of the most common types of sleep apnea is called obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is when your airway is blocked during sleep resulting in pauses of breath. This is most common in people who are overweight but doesn 't have to be. If sleep apnea goes untreated the consequences can be very dangerous. It could increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, obesity, and diabetes. The four known ways to cure sleep apnea is lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, breathing devices, and
Dental hygienist have become more involved in treating apnea and dental sleep medicine still continues to grow. Some people suffer from this condition and are not aware they have it. Patients visit their dentist and hygienist more than their doctor so their hygienist play a role in screening and caring for their patients with sleeping disorders. There are many questions you can ask your patient to see if they have this disorder such as Do you snore? Do you become tired or fall asleep throughout the day? Can you breathe through your nose? Are you tired when you wake up in morning? All of those questions are important when determining signs and the symptoms of the patients sleep apnea. (Sleep Review Magazine 2015)
Nocturnal polysomnography involves using equipment that monitors the heart, lung and brain activity, breathing patterns, movement of arm and leg, and blood oxygen levels while you sleep. A doctor may also provide a simplified test that can be used at home. These tests involve measuring heart rate, blood oxygen, and breathing patterns. The test results will show drops in oxygen levels during apneas. Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea may be referred you to an ear, nose and throat specialist to determine if there is a blockage in the nose or throat. For milder cases, a doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or quitting
Cardiovascular System: He does not experience any chest pain or palpitation. He does not have dyspnea or leg swelling.
Sleep Apnea (cessation of air flow at the mouth for greater than 10 seconds) can
Nursing Diagnosis I for Patient R.M. is ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions. This is evidenced by a weak unproductive cough and by both objective and subjective data. Objective data includes diagnosis of pneumonia, functional decline, and dyspnea. Subjective data include the patient’s complaints of feeling short of breath, even with assistance with basic ADLs. This is a crucial nursing diagnosis as pneumonia is a serious condition that is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States and the number one cause of death from infectious diseases (Lemon, & Burke, 2011). It is vital to keep the airway clear of the mucus that may be produced from the inflammatory response of pneumonia. This care plan is increasingly important because of R.M.'s state of functional decline; he is unable to perform ADL and to elicit a strong cough by himself due to his slouched posture. Respiratory infections and in this case, pneumonia, will further impair the airway (Lemon, & Burke, 2011). Because of the combination of pneumonia and R.M's other diagnoses of lifelong asthma, it is imperative that the nursing care plan of ineffective airway clearance be carried out. The first goal of this care plan was to have the patient breathe deeply and cough to remove secretions. It is important that the nurse help the patient deep breathe in an upright position; this is the best position for chest expansion, which promotes expansion and ventilation of all lung fields (Sparks and Taylor, 2011). It is also important the nurse teach the patient an easily performed cough technique and help mobilize the patient with ADL's. This helps the patient learn to cough and clear their airways without fatigue (Sparks a...
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.