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Case study of spinal cord injury
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Case study of spinal cord injury
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NURSING CARE PLAN
Patient’s Initials: CH Student’s Name: PFC Kohler
Medical Diagnosis: Spine-HALO Application Date:10/12/2016
1. PROBLEM 2. GOAL/ OUTCOME 3. INTERVENTIONS 4. RATIONALE 5. EVALUATION
Dx: Activity intolerance
R/T: inefficient work of breathing
AEB: Shortness of breath during and after ADL’s
SUB
Mother reports “She cannot walk very far before needing her wheel chair”.
OBJ
SOB during ambulation
Sa02 – 94%
Respiratory Rate - 35
ST 1:.
Patient will display adequate gas exchange as evidence by SaO2 values and respiratory rate consistent with baseline.
LT 1:
Patient will be able to maintain ADL’s without displaying excessive wob by time of discharge 1)Nurse will monitor
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LT 1: Goal Not Met
Patient not yet discharged form hospital.
6. DISCHARGE PLANNING/PATIENT TEACHING NEEDS
1)Recognize signs and symptoms of respiratory distress that must be reported to physician
2)Effectively demonstrate understanding of nan pharmacological techniques used to manage shortness of breath
3)Patient will demonstrate understanding of the importance of participating in activities
4)Patient and family will verbalize understanding of the importance of following the therapeutic plan for improving activity tolerance.
STUDENT NURSING CARE PLAN
Patient’s Initials:KH Student’s Name: PFC Kohler
Medical Diagnosis: Spine-HALO Application Date: 10/13/2016
1. PROBLEM 2. GOAL/ OUTCOME 3. INTERVENTIONS 4. RATIONALE 5. EVALUATION
Dx: Risk for impaired skin integrity
R/T: Mechanical interruption of skin and tissue
AEB:
SUB
Pain score 3/10
OBJ
ST 1:.
Patient will report any pain or discomfort during course of 12hr
Mrs. Jones, An elderly woman, presented severely short of breath. She required two rest periods in order to ambulate across the room, but refused the use of a wheel chair. She was alert and oriented, but was unable to speak in full sentences. Her skin was pale and dry. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, pulse 83, respirations 27, blood pressure 142/86, O2 saturation was 84% on room air. Auscultation of the lungs revealed crackles in the lower lobes and expiratory wheezing. Use of accessory muscles was present. She was put on 2 liters of oxygen via nasal canal. With the oxygen, her O2 saturation increased to 90%. With exertion her O2 saturation dropped to the 80's. Mrs. Jones began coughing and she produced large amounts of milky sputum.
A cardiac assessment: Listen to heart sounds listening for extra heart sounds, fast heartbeat, and monitor EKG looking for dysthymias. Assess vitals especially BP, BP should be kept low in heart failure patients to put less stress on the heart. Assess the patient for edema as a result of fluid retention. Listen for crackles in the lungs due to fluid built up. Watch I&O’s and weight the patient to assess for edema, ask about activity intolerance. Assess for changes in mental status, cool extremities, pale or cyanotic, fatigue, and JVD (Indications of poor perfusion) (Ignatavicius &Workman, p.756).
These have help development an intensive rehabilitation program for the patient. It will take an active involvement by the patient to assure optimum recovery.
Staff nurses in many medical settings such as Skilled Nursing Facilities are at the forefront of patient care. Many patients in these particular settings are typically suffering from some type of cognitive impairment often related to dementia syndrome, behavioral disturbances or prior mental health conditions. Many mental health symptoms are managed by second generation antipsychotics. This class of medication placed the patients at risk for metabolic syndrome.
Lungs: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheezes, rales, or rhonchi. Symmetric chest expansion. Breathing nonlabored.
OBJECTIVE: Abnormal ABG values -. Change in Vital signs. Increased respiratory rate of 29. Patient RR is labored and uneven. Patient uses BIPAP to treat a condition.
Vital signs give valuable clues about the patient’s status (Brown & Edwards, 2012). Pritesh was in respiratory distress, reflected in his low oximetry readings of 93% on room air (RA) and increased respiratory rate (RR) of 26 breaths/min to compensate for inadequate oxygenation (Brown & Edwards, 2012). Insufficient ventilation is caused by inability to fully inflate the lung due to built-up intrathoracic pressure (Panté & American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2010). In addition, anxiety and severe pain increase oxygen demand and impede the ability to expand the chest, according to Potter (2013). Anxiety is also an early sign of hypoxia due to hypo-perfusion of the brain (Potter, 2013).
Assess lungs and heart sounds and inspect for evidence of early heart failure, e.g. tachycardia, dyspnea. pulmonary congestion,
The ability to carry out and document a full respiratory and cardiovascular assessment is an essential skill. The severity of illness can be initially evaluated by inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. During analysis, specific locations of symptoms can be identified using landmarks such as the midaxiallary, midclavicular, and, the midsternal line. Indicate anterior or posterior thorax, and use the midaxillary line location when applicable (Bickley & Szilagyi, 2013).
The patient I have chosen who has an issue with ventilation and perfusion is A.Z., a
The second intervention to improve gas exchange related to ineffective airway clearance is the use of a positive expiratory pressure device (PEP). PEP devices work by providing constant backwards pressure on the airways during expiration.
The patient is a 55-year-old man admitted to the hospital for dehydration secondary to vomiting. The physical examination of the patient revealed dry mucous membranes and vital signs as follows: Pulse 110, blood pressure 100/60, and respirations of 20.
Emory University Hospital is a teaching facility that embodies an “organizational culture that encourages critical thinking and acknowledges the inevitability of change” (Rubenfeld & Scheffer, 2015). By embracing a culture of change, Emory strives to fulfill its mission of “serving humanity by improving health.” This mission is being fostered, on my unit in particular, by the implementation of the evidence-based practice of an Accountable Care Unit (ACU). This transformational care model empowers nurses as leaders by giving them a voice and platform to advocate on their patient’s behalf. On my unit, these nurse leaders implement an ACU by offering and collecting information through their interaction with an interdisciplinary team, the patient,
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
In order to promote patient learning, it is valuable to have a good teaching plan in mind. References Cleveland Clinic, 2014 -. Lifestyle is key to diabetes self-management. Retrieved from: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/diabetes. Kirk, Julienne., Stegner, Jane., 2010.