Ventilation and perfusion, an essential contributing factor to living organisms, can be negatively effected by many different factors. Some diseases that effect ventilation and perfusion include congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cystic fibrosis and emphysema to name a few. Each of these diseases negatively effect how our bodies would normally ventilate and perfuse. Ventilation is the body’s way of getting in the oxygen it needs to perfuse throughout your body. Ventilation happens in the respiratory system, mainly focusing on the lungs. Ventilation can be impacted by multiple factors, some including, inflammation of the airway, fluid in the lungs and a foreign body obstructing the airway. Perfusion is the way your body delivers oxygenated blood to tissues. Not only does it deliver oxygenated blood, but it also returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated, delivers different nutrients to your tissues and removes waste byproducts that are naturally made in the body.
Patient Application
The patient I have chosen who has an issue with ventilation and perfusion is A.Z., a
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Also, my patient is 10 years old, so her stage in Erikson’s Developmental Stage is Industry vs. Inferiority. Some things that are to be expected of a child a this age is remembering past events, developing coping skills, having an understanding of how their behavior affects others, friendships become situation specific, developing an understanding of the concepts of right and wrong, and many rely on rules to guide their behaviors. I would confirm that my patient understands relationships with adults and how to respect them, finds humor in appropriate content, has not started puberty yet, understands how her behavior effects others, and understands concept of right and
Erickson’s Theory has 8 stages (Schriver, 2011). The following text will give the developmental crisis of each stage and relate it to Shannon’s life personally. In Erikson’s Theory developmental crisis “did not mean an impending catastrophe as much as it meant “a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential”” (Schriver, 2011). The first stage of Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development is Trust vs. mistrust (0-1 year) and its crisis is “in establishing trust” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had developed trust early on in her life due to the loving, caring, and nurturing home she grew up in. She had a sense of physical comfort which eliminated fear and allowed trust. The second stage is Autonomy vs. shame (1-3 years) and the crisis is “parental restrictions vs. autonomy” (Schriver, 2011). Growing up Shannon started learning to walk at 11 months which is a normal age for children to emerge into that. Due to her parents being supportive, it allowed Shannon to start exploring her curiosities and still be loved while doing so. The third stage is Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years) and the crisis is “in taking initiative without experiencing guilt” (Schriver, 2011). This again correlates to the supportiveness of Shannon’s parents which allows her to be her own person and encourages her to experience her life in her own way. The fourth stage is Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years) and the crisis is “in striving for competence” (Schriver, 2011). Shannon had a great group of friends growing up and that gave her the inclusion she needed to feel equal to her peers and not inferior to anyone. The fifth stage is Identity vs. role confusion and the crisis is “uncertainty about the future and the child’s role in it” (Schriver, 2011). At this time in Shannon’s life she had already strengthened her hope (trust), will, purpose, and
...aid the values at this stage are set and solid and nothing can change the thought process or the sensitivity with which she now views the world. According Erik Erikson theory every individual may have different experiences in childhood that will mark their journey into adulthood and experiences of social development into adulthood. As such, the process of social development is different for each individual, and it is not necessary that you be able to identify with every stage in life.
Stage 4 of Erickson's theory of personality development lasts from age 6 to the beginning of adolescence. The main theme of this stage is industry versus inferiority. Here is where the child learns to function ...
Hinkle, Janice, and Kerry Cheever. “Management of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease." Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13th Ed. Philadelphia: Lisa McAllister, 2013. 619-630. Print.
2. The quality of the parent-child relationship was so important to Erikson because he believed that the infancy stage was the most critical stage of development. Parents allow their children to adventure out and examine the limitations of their abilities in a reassuring environment. In stage 1 (Trust versus Mistrust) Erikson would have encouraged the basic strengths of making sure that the parents were consistent with meeting the needs of their children. During the second stage (Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt) Erikson encouraged the parents to support the independence of their child and allow their children to make their own choices. Also in this second stage Erikson encouraged the parent not to be over-bearing and not allow the child to be independent and to be more dependent on the parent. During the third stage (Initiative versus Guilt), Erikson would encourage the parent to let their child examine and explore and let their child know that they should make suitable decisions. The last stage, stage 4 which is Industry versus Inferiority. Erikson encourages the parent to give their child positive reinforcement when they are performing different activities such as writing and
Erikson was particularly interested in the stages of life and what mental, emotional, and physical developments occurred within these age brackets. He outlined a series of developmental “tasks” or a developmental agenda that is followed by all humans throughout the life cycle. Tasks are in sequential order and each task builds on the one preceding. For example, an adolescent who fails to establish a solid identity will not be able to move on to healthy intimacy.
The patient was transferred into my care via the Emergency Assessment Unit for Surgical Patients (EAUS). I was given handover by the charge nurse who has already pre-a...
The first stage of Erikson’s theory occurs in infancy, which occurs roughly from birth to 18 months. Infancy is an important stage according to Erikson’s theory. In this stage, the individual learns how to trust other individuals. If all the individual’s needs are met in this stage...
1. For Erikson children early experiences are very important for their social, emotional, and mental development outcome. There are different stages that the child go through, and based on the way of each developmental stage the child will define his/her personality strength or weaknesses affecting the next stage as well.
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. (n.d.). Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved April 23, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development
Monnet et al(1) published a review article on assessment of volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients using heart and lung interactions. He explained that mechanical ventilation produces cyclic changes left ventricular stroke volume due to inspiration and expiration induced changes in LV preload. It denotes preload dependency of left ventricle indirectly right ventricle. He also describes various limitations of respiration variations in SV for predicting fluid responsiveness.
Initially, Erikson’s stages described a child’s developmental growth during each period. Learning about Erikson and the limitations of each period made me realize that one has to treat separate children differently in every stage. Also, Erikson explains that each stage can affect a child negatively or positively depending on the caregiver and others around the child. Of course Erikson also says not everything one does can be perfect. Learning the complexity of each stage a child enters affects the next. Therefore, raising a child is extremely difficult because one has to adjust to their needs before one’s own. It made me realize that raising a child according to Erikson is not an easy task; even one mistake can lead to consequences. For instance, during the Identity versus Role Confusion a teenager begins to wonder who they are as a person and how to fit into society. If a child comes out of this stage knowing his/her identity then adulthood would not be difficult whatsoever. On the other hand, if teenagers do not know their identity then they would enter adulthood confused about themselves. This identity vs. role confusion role has taught me to appreciate and understand teenagers better therefo...
Erik Erikson was a psychologists that saw human development as a series of stages. His theory identifies a series of eight stages in which a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to adultry. Each stage builds
Erik Erickson (1902-1994), is a well-known German psychoanalyst that based his theory of psychosocial development on the premise that cognitive and social development occur hand in hand and cannot be separated (Morrison, 2007, p. 125). Erickson also strived to explain personality growth by describing how human beings respond to potential conflicts at specific periods in their lives (Giorgis and Glazer, 2009, p. 171). He described and explained his eight stages of psychological development, in which the first four of the stages relates to early childhood children.
Erikson’s theory emphasized how both earlier and later experiences are proportionately important in the person’s development and how personality develops beyond puberty. But, Freud would argue that most development occurs during the earlier period of an individual’s life. Freud’s psychosexual stages comprised of five stages that ends in puberty. Erikson’s first few psychosocial stages are somewhat similar to that of Freud’s stages one to three but Erikson further expands his developmental stages to eight, covering old age.