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Introduction
Teacher evaluations are intended to be meaningful tools to help teachers improve instructional practices and become better educators for their students. In North Carolina, schools are required by law to supervise and formally evaluate teachers using the North Carolina Educator Effectiveness System (NCEES). Although the law is clear about the base requirements, the finer details of supervision is reserved for the administrator, or supervisor. Providing teachers the guidance to improve their instruction to attain higher student achievement remains one of the greatest tasks for a school administrator. This summary analysis will explore the general procedures for supervising teachers, the degree the principles of adult learning are
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As the newest school in its district, the high school is home to 1,327 students grades 9-12. It currently employs 84 certified staff members including teachers, guidance counselors, administrators, and support staff. As with many rural counties in North Carolina, it has very little diversity in both its teacher and student populations.
Opened in 2006, the school holds the unique distinction of being the first high school built in the county in over fifty years. Since that time, its enrollment has grown from 936 to 1,327 students, of which 648 are male and 679 are female. The school currently reports 75% of students as economically challenged.
General Procedure for Supervising
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However, there are general procedures that are followed regardless of each teacher’s individual needs. The first of these procedures involves expectations regarding the curriculum and its alignment with state standards. The evaluation process, both formal and informal, are valuable tools for administrators to use to ensure teachers are aligning their lessons with the state standards. The principal’s procedure for supervising this expectation for his staff is accomplished primarily through the staff’s profession learning communities (PLC). Although teachers are given the freedom of how they teach the material to fit their teaching style and students, they are still expected to follow the curriculum maps and give common assessments that are created in their PLCs. At his school, administrators are present for PLCs and act as facilitators throughout the meetings. Although formal observations are mandated by the state, he does not feel that formal observations are what makes him a good instructional supervisor. He believes that through informal observations, such as PLCs and regular classroom walkthroughs, he is better equipped to provide guidance to teachers to ensure that they are reflecting upon their classroom practices and making the necessary adjustments to allow all students to succeed. He believes an effective
In 2010, Charlotte Danielson wrote an article, “Evaluations That Help Teachers”, for the magazine The Effective Educator. The purpose of this article was to explain how a teacher evaluation system, such as her own Framework for Teaching, should and can actually foster teacher learning rather than just measure teacher competence, which is what most other teacher evaluation systems do. This topic is especially critical to decision-making school leaders. Many of the popular teacher evaluation systems fail to help schools link teacher performance with meaningful opportunities for the teachers to reflect on and learn from in order to grow professionally. With the increased attention on the need for more rigorous student standards, this then is an enormous opportunity missed. Students can only achieve such rigorous expectations if their teachers can effectively teach them, and research has shown that teachers who are evaluated by systems that hold them to accountability and provide them for continuous support and growth will actually teach more effectively.
Charlotte Danielson, an internationally recognized expert in the area of teacher effectiveness, created The Framework for Teaching, which is comprised of four domains of teaching responsibility (Danielson, 1996). Danielson specializes in the design of teacher evaluation to ensure teacher quality and to promote professional learning. Danielson’s framework is based on large amounts of research, including the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project, supported by the Gates Foundation (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2013). Danielson’s framework also aligns with the Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC), which outlines what a beginner teacher should possess in skills. In addition, it is the underlying set of ideas
It is customary for people to do their research and read reviews when purchasing a car or pair of new shoes. A persons thoughts on things is a contributing factor in today’s world which can save you money and time in the long run. This is the same with teacher evaluations, although these are all opinions of one’s teaching, there are still students out there that sincerely write evaluations explaining the impact a teacher has made on their overall success in education. Entering the world of college can be a scary thing and reading about others accomplishments can boost a person’s confidence onto taking the next big step in their life. Not only are evaluations a good tool for students this also benefits the teachers. The demand for strong supportive evaluations is necessary for teachers. Teachers need to know what their strengths and areas of improvement are to be able to improve for the next
The Conceptual Framework created for the SUNY Cortland teacher candidates is important for many reasons. It was important for the campus to create a “College-wide shared vision for teacher education” (CF 3) as they prepared for their NCATE accreditation. The college wanted to make sure that the framework formed a true representation of their program goals, identity, and beliefs. This conceptual framework is important for the individual candidate because it is used to guide, and provide “a sound foundation for assessment”(CF 7). As stated on page 11 of the framework, “SUNY Cortland is dedicated to developing candidates’ knowledge, integrity, professional standards and commitment to their future students and school community”. This is very important as every piece of the statement can go hand-in-hand with the NAEYC Standards. The Conceptual Framework is also important for candidates as it sets to build three key components in each individual. These components are personal responsibility, social justice, and global understanding. What is also unique about the Conceptual Framework is that it is seen as a “living document”, meaning that it has the ability to be changed whenever change is needed, and whenever we uncover new discoveries of early childhood development. My intention in writing this paper is to gain a better understanding of what is expected from me as a candidate in a SUNY Cortland education program. I hope that I will be able to take the information that I learn from the Conceptual Framework and use it in my future teaching.
Lastly, it is important to develop clear training and supervision procedures that will guide teachers on the right steps to follow during training, supervision and evaluation of teachers’ aides. This will be important so that teachers are aware of the set of skills that their aides will need to be trained in as well as a number of set parameters that they will be evaluated on. Appropriate evaluation procedures that both the teachers and the paraeducators are aware of and agree to are essential in creating the right kind of relationship between the two as both parties are comfortable with these parameters and thus the evaluation process is carried out in a well understood manner.
Hills, J. (1991). Issues in research on instructional supervision: A contribution to the discussion. Journal Of Curriculum & Supervision, 7(1), 1-12.
Teachers: What Do We Really Know? Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness , 2 (3), 209-249.
Some administrators use clinical supervision or peer coaching to determine from which it is obtain the most feedback and some other uses this methods or the combination of both (Hooker, 2014). It is important the comparison of both methods in order to identify the benefits of each. The clinical supervision includes a developmental evaluation that is meant to assist and improve the instruction of teachers (Glickman, et al., 2010). It is necessary to do a preconference, lesson observation, analysis of the information and interpret the teaching observed, and a post conference to determine the effectiveness of the process. In the clinical supervision are steps to follow: first, during the preconference the administrator and teacher identify the process, purpose or reason of the ob...
Marshall, K. (2005). It's Time to Rethink Teacher Supervision and Evaluation. Phi Delta Kappan, 86(10), 727-735.
This emphasis on thoughtful evaluation has kept Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction a relevant, trusted companion for over sixty years. And with school districts across the nation working feverishly to align their curriculum with Common Core standards, Tyler's straightforward recommendations are sound and effective tools for educators working to create a curriculum that integrates national objectives with their students' needs. In essence, Tyler’s Rationale is represented by the four-step sequence of identifying objectives, selecting the means for the attainment or achievement of these objectives that is through educational or teaching-learning experiences provided for students, organizing these educational or teaching-learning experiences, and evaluating the outcomes or what have students attained or achieved. Tyler suggested when developing curriculum, objectives data should be gathered from three sources, namely; the learner, society, and subject matter.
Educational institutions today are increasing their emphasis on high standards as a crucial factor in improving the quality of education imparted to their students. They are, therefore, looking at new and better ways to develop such a curriculum that meets all the pre-decided standards. This calls for a change in the way schools are run and the methods of teaching in order to design, implement and evaluate curriculum effectively.
The teacher was rated using a rubric with specific criteria in four domains including planning and preparation, the classroom environment, instruction, and professional responsibilities (Hillsborough County Public Schools, 2012). Within each of these domains are components which are the performance factors that are relevant to classroom teachers. In domain one the components include: demonstrating knowledge of content and pedagogy, demonstrating knowledge of students, setting instructional outcomes, demonstrating knowledge of resources and technology, designing coherent instruction, and designing student assessments. The components for domain two include: creating an environment of respect and rapport, establishing a culture for learning, managing classroom procedures, managing student behavior, organizing physical space. In domain three the components included are: communicating with students, using questioning and discussion, engaging students in learning, using assessment in instruction, and demonstrating flexibility and responsiveness. There is only one component that was rated for domain four which is reflecting on teaching.
It is expected that the profession of teaching embraces many qualities of any other professional practice. Teachers must possess a combination of many qualities beginning with a strong academic background and wide-ranging knowledge. The National Framework for Professional Standards for Teaching (2003) it is the knowledge of students, curriculum, subject matter, pedagogy, education – related legislation and the specifically teaching context that is the foundation on effective teaching, and a firm foundation on which to construct well educated judgments.
The state’s new evaluation system was in response to administrators who produced, “superficial and capricious teacher evaluation systems that often don't even directly address the quality of instruction, much less measure students' learning” (Toch, 2008). Too often, the “good-ol-boy” attitude would insure mediocre educators would remain employed. Realizing this was often more the rule then the exception, the governor created educational mandates to focus, “on supporting and training effective teachers to drive student achievement” (Marzano Center, 2013). Initially, they expected the school districts and the teachers would have issues and experience growing pains, but in the end the goal was, “to improve teacher performance, year by year, with a corresponding rise in student achievement” (Marzano Center, 2013).
Teacher evaluations are very important. Most of the time, they have a negative feeling attached to them. Some teachers view evaluations as a way of them getting written up for what they are not doing and not as a way of growing and improving to help them teach their students. This also depends on how the principals frame and do teacher evaluations. I wanted to focus on teacher evaluations because I want to show how having a good teacher evaluation can lead to teacher and student growth in the school.