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Psychoanalytic theory
Freud and Psychoanalysis
Freud's psychodynamic therapy
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Recommended: Psychoanalytic theory
Introduction
The film Black Swan (Aronofsky, 2010) is one of yearly biggest hits directed by Darren Aronofsky. It tells a tragedy story about a ballerina, named Nina Sayers (Natalie Portman), who was struggling with approaching the role of “black swan” after being selected as a new swan queen but finally ended up with mental disorder and self-destruction. This essay analyzes Nina’s multiple personalities based on the theory of personality proposed by Freud.
Personality, claimed by Freud (1924), consisted of three aspects, id, ego and super-go. The id is inherited from the instinct of human, a primitive dynamic mechanism to meet the sexual and biological drives filled with irrational and destructive impulses. The ego is the rational, decision-making
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At first, Nina was a very obedient 28 years old big baby lived pink room with full of dolls with her mom. Being treated as a little girl hampered the normal growth of Nina’s personality (Aronofsky, 2010). The collision between Nina’s ego and superego occurred eventually, presented by Nina’s indulge herself in the bar with Lily to against her mother’s expectation of being a nice girl. The pick of Nina’s personality conflicts occurred in the plot when Nina was irritated by the illusion that Lily wanted to take the place of the role of “black swan”, but the image of Lily was turned out to be Nina herself. Two Nina, one with white swan clothes and another with black swan clothes, started a fierce physical confrontation, which is in actual the most intense moment (Aronofsky, …show more content…
In fact, if Nina did not against the superego, she could not perform both the role of white swan and black swan perfectly. The instinct of death is silent in nature, and the cry of life is mostly from Eros. Therefore, in the Black Swan (Aronofsky, 2010), Nina's ultimate death reflected the fierce confrontation of her multiple aspects of personalities, which is the main clue of the film narrative. This film, in fact, told us that everyone has a "black swan" in the heart, and we all need an appropriate desire to release and transformation of our various levels of harmonic personalities, thus to recognize and reach
This essay will explore one of the possible combinations of theories on personality and explain how it can be applied in practical therapy.
Primarily, one of the dominant and fundamental theoretical variances concerning Freud and Jung’s personality theories was that relating to their opposing notions regarding the unconscious human mind. Firstly, Freud understood that the centre of ones inhibited beliefs and distressing recollections was found in the unconscious mind. Freud stated that the human mind focuses on three constructs: namely the id, the ego and the super ego. He claimed that the id shaped ones unconscious energy. Freud said that it is not limited by ethics and morals, but as an alternative simply aims to fulfil ones desires. The id strives to keep with the “pleasure principle, which can be understood as a demand to take care of needs immediately.” (Boere) The next unconscious
In all the psychology of the personality is difficult to understand, because trying to read what someone is thinking about you and your personality is a tough process. This was roughly and explanation into the view of Freud’s view of the id, ego, and superego and some of the psychoanalysis stages that come in the crazy world and studies of Sigmund Freud. Even though his views are not popular today some people still research them and think to themselves he might not be as weird as people told me he was.
Freud’s theory is based on the idea that ones personality is derived from conflicts that stem from both our conscious and unconscious mind. To better understand how these conflicts arise he divided the mind into theoretical categories which include the id, ego, and superego.
In Black Swan, a ballet dancer named Nina is casted to play both the White Swan and the Black Swan in the famous ballet titled Swan Lake. In the well-known opera, a princess is turned into a White Swan, who falls in love with a prince but then commits suicide when she finds out that the prince confessed his love to the Black Swan. In the movie Black Swan, Nina has to deal with the challenges that arise from trying to accurately portray both characters whom are completely opposite. It is easy for Nina to be the White Swan. She is innocent and controlled. However, it was very hard for her to become the dark, seductive, and mysterious Black Swan. To fully become this character, Nina has to deal with the struggles of becoming the opposite of who she really is. This results in many hallucinations that involve harming herself. She also starts to imagine things that are not really happening. Eventually, Nina has psychotic episodes when she truly becomes the Black Swan. Whenever she takes a step into her transformation, she has hallucinations such as having black feathers come out of her skin. It also seems as if Nina is obsessed with perfection because she even tries to kill herself. The true reality is not what she sees because she is so trapped in the world of Swan Lake.
Nina is very angry and she pushes Lily to the mirror, which causes the mirror shatter. Nina grabs a glass shard and stabs to Lily’s stomach. Then, she returns to the stage to perform. Lily is on the stage too, which indicates that what happens in the dressing room is the hallucination of Nina and that she is stabbing herself. A research shows that schizophrenia patient has a very high percentage of suicidal even they have therapy and medication (Pompili, Amador, Girardi, et al, 2007). Her hallucination is trying to control her to kill herself and it works. In the end of the movie, she dies because of severe bleeding. Nina has demonstrated paranoid delusion throughout the whole movie and a research finds out that paranoid schizophrenics are more likely to commit suicide as they have command hallucinations (Pompili, Amador, Girardi, et al, 2007). Nina’s action shows a clear example of how hallucinations are dangerous and why people with schizophrenia is at risk of
The ideas used to interpret this play are not classically Freudian, but rather a more contemporary understanding of psychodynamics as influenced by modern existential theory. The ideas of Ernest Becker, one of the more influential figures in the new psychoanalysis, are used throughout this psychological examination.
Sigmund Freud believed that adults seduced children and this is where their problems came up in adulthood. As for all things, many people did not agree with Freud’s theory. “Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight” (McLeod, “Psychoanalysis”). According to Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory, there are three elements of personality the id, ego and superego. The id is an individual’s inner child.
The main character in the film Black Swan, twenty-eight year old female Nina Sayers, displays signs of numerous disorders through her abnormal behavior. Nina’s life is consumed by her occupation: professional ballerina/dancer. Nina resides with her mother and rarely socializes with others. She has difficulty concentrating, is restless, irritable, suffers from muscle tension, and sleep disturbances from nightmares. Nina also feels very uncomfortable in social and intimate situations. She appears to be unable to successfully interact with those around her. The interaction that Nina has with her fellow dancers appears to be strained and superficial. Nina exhibits behavior that indicates she views all other dancers as competition instead of potential comrades’ or friends. Being very introverted and unable to share any part of herself with those around her, even her mother, who appears to be the only person that has been remotely close to Nina, causes her to seek companionship with parts of herself instead of healthy relationships with others. Nina exhibits signs of generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and paranoid personality disorder through these abnormal behaviors.
The first part of the personality is the id, which begins developing from birth. The id is responsible for getting a person’s basic needs met. The id is based on the “pleasure principle”, meaning it
The basis of this approach is that psychological factors play a major role in determining behaviour and shaping personality. Freud argued that personality is composed of three major systems the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (biological part of personality) is present at birth and consists of inherited instincts and all psychological energies. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, seeking to reduce tension, avoid pain and obtain pleasure. The ego (executive part of personality) is conscious part of the mind, the “real” us.
The psychodynamic theory encompasses both Freud and Erikson. Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for all needs and urges, while the superego for ideals and moral. The ego moderates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. However, Erikson believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depended upon successfully overcoming these conflicts. The advantage to psychodynamic is that it encompasses the individual, meaning that the theory looks at personality from childhood all the way into adulthood. The disadvantages of this theory are that it cannot be tested validly. Therefore,
The Id “knows no judgments of value: no good and evil, no morality (Freud, The Dissection of the Psychical Personality, 2004, p. 84).” This means that the Id is the part of the personality that is unorganized in the processes and only contains the instincts for biological needs for the person to live. Since the Id has no sense of morals, does not know good or evil, its main goal is to get the person whatever it needs by any means possible to thrive. The way to remember that the Id has no judgments of value is to think of it as a child. A child wines and cries until they receives food, drink or human touch. The child is so unruly that it needs somebody to control it and this would be the Ego. The Ego’s functions on the reality principle that means it keeps the Id under control by organization of the processes in the personality. The Ego is the mediator between the Id and superego which will be discussed later. Since the ego is considered a mediator it could be remembered as the brains of the operation. It keeps the Id under control by educating it and showing that if a need must be met there is a specific way to obtain it. Next is the Superego, Freud considered “the origin on conscience,” meaning that the Superego specific function is to act as the person’s conscience between good and evil (Freud, The Dissection of the Psychical Personality, 2004, p. 74). The Super ego balances out the Id
Over the years, people have wondered what goes on in a person's mind that guides them to meet their needs. Sigmund Freud developed a system of personality that boldly attempts to explain the course of personality and what was it origins. Freud theory assumes that one's personality is shaped and some powerful inner forces motivate one's behavior. According to Freud, personality differences commence from the different ways in which people deal with their underlying drives. By picturing a continuing battle between antagonistic parts of personality, Freud was able to develop three systems that make up the total personality. The three systems of personality are the id, ego, and the superego. If the three systems work together in harmony and unite together to form one complete organization, it enables one to create a positive transaction with the environment. If the systems are fighting with each other, one is said to be dissatisfied with himself or the world. By examining the ego, the id, and the superego, one should see how these three systems of personality play an important role in the development of one's personality. In doing so one should understand what conscious and unconscious, and the functions of the id, ego, and superego.
The first feature, the id, feature of personality is the most common and everlasting element that exists since birth. It is completely unconsciousness and consists of natural and original behavior. As it is the main element of personality, id is considered the main source of psychic energy. According to Freud id is compelled by pleasure principle, which attempts for immediate satisfaction of desires and needs. It will result in a state of anxiety or strain if the needs are not satisfied immediately. Secondly, the ego is a component of personality in charge of dealing with reality. As stated by Freud, the ego progresses from Id and confirms the desires of the id, articulated in an acceptable manner in real life. The main function of ego is to handle conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. It helps to satisfy needs of id in a socially suitable way. Besides, it supports to release tension with assistance of a process where an object found in reality is created by id’s p...