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Nature vs nurture in psychology criminal activity
Nature and nurture in criminal behavior
Nature and nurture in criminal behavior
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The nature vs. nurture debate has always been a topic of interest among top researchers, psychologists, and theorists, becoming increasingly significant in the attempt to explain and counter crime. This study seeks to answer the following question: Does social and familial environment drive an individual to commit crimes or does the manifestation of biological traits lead to criminal behavior? Its goal is to analyze different experiments and sources to determine the whether nature or nurture has an effect on an individual’s future personality and tendency to commit crimes. Those arguing for the role of nurture in the shaping of criminal behaviors cite an individual's upbringing as one of the major developmental forces that lead to unlawful …show more content…
Jones, mental illnesses have become essential in the diagnosis of individuals with antisocial or criminal behavior. For example, children with oppositional defiance disorder (ODD) display defiance and disobedience toward adult figures, often also showing signs of hostility and vindictiveness and starting to “lie and steal, engage in vandalism, abuse drugs, and show aggression towards peers.” On the other hand, while attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) does not have a distinct link to future violence, those suffering from this personality disorder have the inability to analyze consequences of or learn from previous behaviors, making it more likely for those people to continue their potentially harmful acts without realizing the extent of the damage they cause. In this source, Jones states that ODD and ADHD are both risk factors in developing a even more life-changing affliction, antisocial personality disorder, which is directly connected to the pursuit of criminal actions. While the presence of personality disorders serve as an example of nature’s role in the development of felonious tendencies, others argue that mental predispositions just exist without genetic activation. In Art Spiegelman’s political cartoon, a man is shown trying to show his daughter how to play with a truck after seeing her with a doll in an attempt to overcome gender roles; however, the little girl, despite her father’s endeavors, treats the toy truck as yet another baby doll, saying,”Poor little truckie! Mama’s gonna wrap you inna blankie and give you a little bottle…” This cartoon indicates that nature plays a stronger role in the interests of a child than nurture, symbolized by the man’s efforts to introduce a new plaything to his
Trait theory views criminality as a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits. It is based on a mix between biological factors and environmental factors. Certain traits alone cannot determine criminality. We are born with certain traits and these traits along with certain environmental factors can cause criminality (Siegel, 2013). According to (Siegel, 2013), the study of sociobiology sparked interest in biological or genetic makeup as an explanation for crime and delinquency. The thought is that biological or genetic makeup controls human behavior, and if this is true, then it should also be responsible for determining whether a person chooses crime or conventional behavior. This theory is referred to as trait theory (Siegel, 2013). According to Siegel (2013), due to the fact that offenders are different, one cannot pinpoint causality to crime to just a single biological or psychological attribute. Trait theorist looks at personal traits like intelligence, personality, and chemical and genetic makeup; and environmental factors, such as family life, educational attainment, economic factors, and neighborhood conditions (Siegel, 2013). There are the Biosocial Trait theories an...
Society offers different factors, like peer pressure or poor grades, which steer an individual to commit a crime (Einstadter, Werner and Stuart 2006). Indeed, there is an abundant relation between childhood experience of violence and unruly behavior and their adulthood behavior. This is a product of a social progress, where children become victims or eyewitnesses of certain criminal acts. Through social progress, some traits, which were not learned before, are recognized and slowly displayed, especially among children. For instance, children brought up in violence, either by being victims or eye witnesses of criminal acts, will display such behavior in their adulthood (Woolf, 2006). Therefore, people will commit different crimes depending in the environment in which they were
There has always been a fascination with trying to determine what causes an individual to become a criminal? Of course a large part of that fascination has to do with the want to reduce crime, and to determine if there is a way to detect and prevent individuals from committing crime. Determining what causes criminality is still not perfectly clear and likewise, there is still debate as to whether crime is caused biologically, environmentally, or socially. Furthermore, the debate is directly correlated to the notion of 'nurture vs nature'. Over time many researchers have presented various theories pertaining to what causes criminal behavior. There are many theories that either support or oppose the concept of crime being biological rather than a learned behavior.
In criminology, examining why people commit crime is very important in the ongoing debate of how crime should be handled and prevented. Many theories have emerged over the years, and they continue to be explored, individually and in combination, as criminologists seek the best solutions in ultimately explaining what makes a person act the way they do and the causes for these actions. In addressing the social learning theory and the trait theory, we explore the similarities and the differences and where to look for on improvement.
Within the past decade there has been a wide range of research and evidence available based on both sides of the nature or nurture debate. Along with further research that identifies a number of determinants that have some form of influence towards criminal behavior and activity. This researc...
The biological approach assumes aggression and criminality is caused by the individual’s biological makeup. (Brookes, 2016)
It is evident through evaluation of our history that criminologists have long pursued an explanation as to why particular individuals live a law-abiding life and why others are drawn to deviant behaviour. There is now an abundance of theories that attempt to explain this deviancy, and whilst there isn’t a theory that ascertains a faultless solution to crime, many theories do provide some valid rationalisations. So, are we given the choice to peruse deviant actions or are we born into an inevitable life of crime? This is the question that biological positivism attempts to answer. Positivists theorist’s view human behaviour as ordained by variables beyond the power of the individual, juxtaposing classical theories which assert that individuals
Deconstructing Individual Trait Theories of Crime In this presentation, the speaker, Professor Robert M. Worley analyses the individual contemporary trait theories. These theories include both physical and biological approaches. Worley discusses the theories that had widely been ignored in the past times by criminologists. Different factors can determine the personality of an individual.
Monsters are real! They are everywhere, hidden in plain sight. Anyone could be a “monster” because there are no physical characteristics we can see that are unique only to them to distinguish them apart from the rest of society. The study of what makes them tick and makes them who they are is called criminal psychology. Criminal psychology studies the causes, motives and statistics surrounding criminals and their evil deeds.
Etiology theories for the criminal behavior As listed above there are many theories that scholars believe may be the caused for this criminal behavior. As stated above, when treating sex offenders, many psychologists do not focus on the criminal act itself, but rather the risk factors and theories that may have caused this criminal behavior. The primarily focus of the treatment is to identify the sexual deviant patterns and behaviors of the offender (CSOM, n.d.). Some of these factors and theories are attachment, sociocultural, behavioral, and biological.
Elements such as social-environmental, psychological, parental and family are risk factors in the American society that have an effect on determining if actions can be defined as criminal. Edwin Sutherland was a criminologist who believed crime plays a key role in forming an impact in an individual's society. He rationalized that “criminal behavior is learned behavior” (C.R. Jeffrey, 1965). Criminal behavior is not genetic which means that if an individual is born into a family of criminal's, the chances of he or she becoming a criminal is at a higher risk but does not necessarily mean he or she will be involved in criminal acts throughout their lifetime. The environment individuals surround themselves in and live in, influences their way of
Eysenck (1990) presented and discussed the evidence for personality being heavily biologically determined using twin studies. One of the more striking findings was that criminality is considered heredity as the scores that correlated with criminality were greater for monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins (Eysenck, 1990). The context is not completely lost though as Eysenck (1990) acknowledged that these scores may not necessarily determine criminal behaviour but could instead fuel success, which has been refuted by Ullrich et al (2008) who found that having a psychopathic personality has no impact on life-success. More recently, Ireland and Ireland (2010) suggested that trait theory’s biological basis for criminality was too limited and perhaps, more weight should be attributed to environmental factors. Rather than providing steadfast findings supporting the PEN model of criminality, Ireland and Ireland’s (2010) study highlights that more longitudinal research needs to be conducted to further understand the effect of the environment on producing anti-social behaviour, and how it influences personality.
Nature and nurture has been a longstanding debate in the psychological community. While some believe that our personality is inherited others believe it is formed. Nature is the philosophy that we acquire our characteristics from our parents or relatives while nurture says our environment and outward stimuli shape us. This particularly comes into play when discussing the role of criminal behavior in an individual. What makes someone have criminal tendencies, can it be blamed on their genetic code or is it a result of their surroundings?
TANNENBAUN, B, (2007),Profs link criminal behaviour to genetics [online] , Available at: http://thedp.com/index.php/article/2007/11/profs_link_criminal_behavior_to_genetics [accessed 16th October 2011].
Criminality constitutes strategic mannerisms characterized by apathy to misery inflicted on others, egocentricity and depressed self-control. Habitual criminal behaviour seeks to satisfy the offender’s desires for material prestige, power or pleasurable feelings regardless to damage inflicted to victim or society. Such behaviors extend mistrust, fuel prejudice, and largely corrupt social cohesion. Biological, psychological and environmental attributes are thought to heavily influence antisocial and criminal behaviour. Numerous studies have proven that active emulation, genetic predispositions and psychosocial labeling are all complementary to development and expressions of criminal behaviour. There has historically been a myriad of theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour through different perspectives, all which constitute intricate paradigms that play a role in expressio...