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Secondary effects of volcanic hazards
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This is the tale of two volcanoes, Mount Ontake (also known as Mt. Kiso Ontake) and Mount Sinabung two examples of volcanoes that erupted within the years 2012 and 2014. They both have very unique characteristics I will be doing a point by point cross examination of the two. Now I will take you back to the to the tragedy of September 27th, 2014, and of February 1st, 2014. Mt. Ontake, is located 62 miles northeast of Nagoya, Japan, and 125 miles west of Tokyo. It is the second highest volcanic mountain in Japan, after Mt. Fuji. Mt. Sinabung is located in the Karo, in the plateau of Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Both Mt. Ontake (pronounced oon-tock-a) and Mt. Sinabung (pronounced Sin -i-boon) are Stratovolcanoes, meaning that they both are built on alternate layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. …show more content…
Whereas, Mt. Ontake's Eruption was caused when the ground water in the volcanic craters became overheated and suddenly flashed into steam. This rapid phase change acted explosively, and materials, such as, ash, rock, and volcanic glass where violently expelled into the surrounding areas. Also, Mt. Ontake has a triple-plate subduction boundary between the Eurasian Continental Plate and the Philippine and Pacific Oceanic Plates. Mt. Ontake is located on the Japanese island of Honshu. On the other hand, Mt. Sinabung is located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mt. Ontake's eruption was the worst disaster in 90 years. Ash covered towns, houses, people being buried alive, and knocked out by flying rocks. Causing an estimated 2 million dollars of damage. As if that was not enough, there were earthquakes with a 2-3 on the Richter scale, causing more damage. Killing more people and causing buildings to crumple, as if, made of straw. In contrast, Mt. Sinabung caused a minimal amount of damage only an estimated $1,000 in damages. Although, several earthquake tremors shook the area it did not cause any significant
"Mount Shasta." USGS: Volcano Hazards Program - Mount Shasta. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 May 2014.
Mauna Loa is Earth’s largest volcano and most massive mountain as it takes up nearly half of the flourishing landscape of the island of Hawai’i. This island is actually made up of five volcanoes, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea, all in such close proximity that they fused together to form one whole island. Mauna Loa is located in the south central area of Hawai’i, in the Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park and its coordinates are 19°5' N, 155°6' W. It is 13,680 ft above sea level, but if one measures from its true base on the ocean floor, it is estimated to be 30,080 feet tall. Its name is quite fitting as it means “Tall Mountain”.
Helens tallied up to be the most deadly and destructive eruption the United States had ever seen. “Approximately fifty-seven people were killed directly from the blast and 200 houses, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways and 185 miles (298 km) of highway were destroyed; two people were killed indirectly in accidents that resulted from poor visibility, and two more suffered fatal heart attacks from shoveling ash (Wikipedia 3)”. Just when it seemed the nightmare was over a second eruption occurred the following day. A quarter of the lava was fresh, and included ash, pumice, and volcanic bombs, and the rest was older molten rock. “The removal of the north side of the mountain (13% of the cone 's volume) reduced Mount St. Helens ' height by about 1,280 feet (390 m) and left a crater 1 to 2 miles (2 to 3 km) wide and 2,100 feet (640 m) deep with its north end open in a huge breach (Wikipedia 3)”. The downwind of the eruption also destroyed many agricultural crops such as wheat, apples, potatoes, and alfalfa. Overall Mount St. Helens was a major blow that cost the US 1.1 billion dollars, and struck fear into the hearts of all of America on May 18th,
Lassen Peak, also known as Mount Lassen, is the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range. It is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc which is an arc that covers southwestern British Columbia to northern California. Located in the Shasta Cascade region of Northern California, Lassen rises 2,000 meters above the surrounding terrain and has a volume of 0.5 cubic miles, making it one of the largest lava domes on Earth. It was created on the destroyed northeastern side of now gone Mount Tehama, a stratovolcano that was at least 1,000 feet higher than Lassen Peak.
About three-quarters of Japan is mountainous. They were formed by tectonic plates colliding. Volcanoes were formed by the land breaking, and the liquid rock built up in it. A lot of the volcanoes are active, yet no one knows when one will erupt. The
Mount Tambora, located on the Island of Sumbawa, Indonesia is classified as a Stratovolcano. Also known as a composite volcano, Tambora is a tall conical volcano (cone like structure) where layers of the walls are built by hardened lava and volcanic ash. The term composite is used to describe the volcano due to the composite layered structure built from sequential outpourings of eruptive materials1. Among the most common types of volcanoes, Tambora also shares its destructive prowess with best-known volcanoes such as Krakota (1883) and Vesuvius (79 A.D). The Island of Sumbawa is located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain (a group of islands in the southern Maritime Southeast Asia) and is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara3. A map of Mount Tambora is shown in Figure 1 to provide a better perspective of its location. Interestingly enough, Tambora forms its own peninsula on Sumbawa, known as the Sanggar Peninsula. In April of 1815, after years of dormancy, Mount Tambora erupted with great intensity, approximately 7 on the volcanic explosivity index, which is shown in Figure 2. It has been estimated that the eject volume of Tambora was 160 cubic kilometres, which represents the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The death toll has been projected to be at least 71,000 people, of who over 15% were killed directly from the eruption1. The remaining 75% have been thought to succumb to starvation and disease, as the eruptive fallout decimated the agricultural industry in the region. Following the eruption, a volcanic winter ensued. As sun become less abundant due to clouds of ash, crops and livestock perished. Please note that all definitions appearing in the footnotes are either taken from already referenced so...
Boom! A once ice-capped mountain peak explodes as ash fills the air. “‘Vancouver, Vancouver, this is it!’”Those were the last words of expert geologist David Johnston (Gunn 561). In 1980, Mount Saint Helens of the state of Washington erupted, filling the air with ash and causing mudflows powerful enough to lift tons. It decimated everything in its path. The eruptions, mudflows, and ash caused great damage on the landscape, yet it gave us information on how catastrophes happen and how they affect society and the surrounding landscape. The data acquired can also help us understand the way the landscape was formed. Mount Saint Helens caused much damage, but also helped people understand the science behind it.
Volcanoes. The naturally forming landforms that can look remarkably beautiful. Gentle slopes, or high rising heights with snow caps and greenery that seems to attract many tourists and sightseers around the world. These magnificent landforms can also cause major destruction and can produce forces that can explode, burn, and create a great deal of damage. Two of these extravagant wonders of the world is the Mount Saint Helens composite volcano in Washington, US, and the Mauna Loa shield volcano in Hawaii, US. These landforms have a eruption history of many colors. One has a great power in eruption, but another has a eruption that is quiet and gentle. In comparing these two volcanoes there are many likes, and dislikes, to consider. So the following
The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is about 30 miles southwest of Hilo. It is on the big island of Hawaii. This park is the home of Kilauea Volcano. Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes on earth. The chance to see this creation and destruction makes this park one of the most visited National Parks in the United States.
Super volcanoes are formed when magma rises from the mantle to create a scorching reservoir in the Earth's
1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens and the 1991 eruption Mt. Pinatubo. (Ball, J. n.d.).
The island in which the volcano is located in is still accessible by the public and is an attraction for tourists. The volcano’s absolute location is 31.5833° N, 130.6500° E. The country itself rests on the Eurasian Plate, coming in contact with the Filipino plate.
The death toll climbs to over 10,000 and is still rising (Branigan 2). The disaster in Japan began without warning on Friday March 11, 2011 at 2:46pm with a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, the strongest ever recorded in the country (Fackler 3). A massive thirty-three foot high tsunami, generated by the earthquake, swept over lands in northern Japan, taking objects and debris with it. To make matters worse, the tsunami caused the cooling systems at several nuclear power plants to fail. The disaster in Japan was a tragic event, and it had a plethora of causes and effects.
Mount Vesuvius is a volcano located in southern Italy, near the bay of Naples and the city of Naples. It is the only active volcano on the European mainland. Vesuvius rises to a height of 1277 m (4190 ft). Vesuvio (Vesuvius) is probably the most famous volcano on earth, and is one of the most dangerous.