Mozart Horn History

Introduction

In this research paper, I will talk about the history of horn from past to present. Because horn in classical period was different, the valves of horn were not invented. Mozart’s concerto in Eb major for Horn and Orchestra, K. 417 is the piece I choose, because every horn player knows this piece and want to play this piece. I want to analyze this piece to help horn player to understand more and to organize this piece how to play.

I will focus on the historical of horn, classical period and the rhythm, form textual, harmonic analysis and phrase structure about this piece. The first movement of this piece is a sonata form. In this research paper, I will talk about how Mozart puts sonata form in first movement and the key relation.

The original horn in Germany was natural horn. Players used right hand to control every notes. It means they cannot control every note clearly and perfectly. In the present, natural horn still popular in Germany and England. They believe natural horn can make the pure sound of horn. In nineteenth century, the valves were invented. This invention made horn players play horn easily. Range for horn was easier from lower range to high range. Because horn players can play horn without right hand to control notes. Many skills were difficult for natural horn to play, such as lip-trills, hand-stopped, and rapid tonguing. However, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber still used four natural horns to describe forest in the overture of Der Freischütz. At the act 3, he was keeping used natural horns to be hunting. It means the original horn was a important role for hunting. Horn is one of the hardest instruments because mouthpiece is small and horn body can be 12.1 foot. Horn developed many different kinds, normally according to keys. Single horns used one key, F key. Double horns used F and Bb keys. Triple horns used F, Bb and High F key; High F key makes players play high notes more easily. Natural horns have no valves and Vienna horns use the piston valves. F key horn makes sound warmer. In the other hand, B flat key makes sound brighter. Horn in orchestra has a special position because horn has two different sounds. That makes horn to

Their friendship is evident in the original score that Mozart wrote so many teasing words for Leutgeb. Joseph Ignaz Leutgeb was a virtuosic player, for whom all concertos that Mozart wrote. Many skills were difficult for natural horn to play, such as lip-trills, hand-stopped, and rapid tonguing. The correct order of these four concertos is No.2 (1783), No.4 (1786), No.3 (1784-1787) and the No.1 (1791) horn concerto in D major (only one of Mozart horn concerti in different key). Many people thinking different way of Mozart no.3 horn concerto because some people thought Mozart wrote the second movement first around 1784, and he continue wrote first and third movement after 1787. In these horn concerti, everyone thought No.3 horn concerto is the fabulous concerto, compares other three concerti because his music was more clearly and rigorously. No.2 horn concerto of Mozart is one of Mozart two concertos without bassoons, and also includes horn in orchestra. Another piece is Mozart’s horn concerto in E flat major, K.495 (No.4 horn concerto). Mozart died on 5 December, 1791. His horn concerto No. 1 in D major was finished in 1791, eight years after his no.2 horn concerto. The incomplete first horn concerto was one of his last works, which consists of only two movements, not three movements. However, this piece was the last one that Mozart wrote,