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Migration within Canada
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To understand the wage impact of provincial mobility separately from occupational mobility we consider all-year-employed and paid male workers who are between age of 30 and 55 years. Table \ref{occmwg} represents mover-stayer wage gap compared to whether workers changed their occupations or not. For comparison purpose workers who changed neither province nor occupation is the base in our analysis. We find that male workers who changed their province, but remain in same occupation (cell-3) earn the most compared to the benchmark (cell-4). However, among the provincial stayers, occupational movers earn 6.6\% less than the workers who neither change their province nor occupation. So, provincial movers require higher wage to compensate the moving
Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economies and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los Angeles, New York and Shanghai. I would like to draw on the city of Shanghai. Shanghai is one of the most developed cities in the world due to this many people come to the town to find work. During 1983 and 2000 years the number of migrant workers increased from 0.5 million people to 3.87 million people. A large percentage of migrant workers work in manufacturing (25.8%).
The reason for Canada’s large gap in wealth is best explained by changes in labour markets, changes in families and changes in public policies (Myles, 2010). In regards to change in labour markets, the most drastic result has been earnings inequality. In fact, in the past three decades, the income from the middle and bottom of the income scale have been without movement while the top of the income scale continues to rise (Myles, 2010). While Canada continues to produce an ever-increasing amount of wealth, those living on the bottom are not receiving any increase in wealth in its wake. Partly to blame for this is increased compensation among the top one percent (Myles, 2010). However, declining unionization rates also contributed, as well as the decline in earnings of recent immigrants (Myles, 2010). However, it appears that changes in family play the largest role.
For several decades, most American women occupied a supportive, home oriented role within society, outside of the workplace. However, as the mid-twentieth century approached a gender role paradigm occurred. The sequence of the departure of men for war, the need to fill employment for a growing economy, a handful of critical legal cases, the Black Civil Rights movement seen and heard around the nation, all greatly influenced and demanded social change for human and women’s rights. This momentous period began a social movement known as feminism and introduced a coin phrase known in and outside of the workplace as the “wage-gap.”
Women face many obstacles as they climb their career’s hierarchy and for many different reasons their wage is comparably less than that of males. After the movements toward equality in the workplace, many think that sex discrimination isn’t present anymore. However, many still believe that the glass ceiling hasn’t shattered and still possesses a barrier for many women in the labor force. The glass ceiling and the wage gap exist for various reasons but, like many other women leaders, women can break the glass and abolish the gap.
The wage gap is a major issue that is constantly brought up in the work place. Numerous people use the term “wage gap” to state how gender can affect somebody 's income. There has always been an understanding that men typically made more money than women. For a long time, women were not allowed to work; therefore men were in charge of “bringing home the bacon”. However, times have changed and there are various situations where a household is centered off a women’s’ income. Females can become single mothers who have a responsibility to care for a child(s). Responsibilities can include monthly payments of water and electric bills and even weekly payments towards groceries. Women have to acquire enough money so that they are able
The living wage movement is an economic reform movement that has become one of the most important public policy issues that has come up within the last 10 years. Although there is no single definition, it is often defined as an hourly salary that allows working families of four to have an income that is above the federal poverty line. This means that the livable wage laws often stipulate that hourly wages should be two to three times above the federal Mininum wage. However, unlike the Mininum wage, the living wage has so far only been enacted on the county and city level. Cities and counties enforce the living wage for companies that have contracts with their respective cities and counties, receive subsidies from their cities or counties, other economic benefits cities and counties provide to companies, and in some cases a livable wage is required for the tourist areas of the particular city. For cities and local governments, the livable wage is perceived as a measure to increase the welfare of the poor. However, like everything in life the livable wage creates its on costs that along with its benefits of increased wage to some low income earners.
Mazerolle, Brent. "Wage Gap Is 'More than Just a Dollar Figure'" Times [Moncton] 11 Feb.
Over the past decade, politicians have sought to reform the national poverty levels by lobbying for what is frequently referred to as a living wage. Living wages, on the most elementary level, are the absolute minimum a person must make per year or per hour to stay above the federal poverty level. While the number of people that receive living wages is still small, Wood (2002) suggests that this is a trend that is gaining momentum across the United States because it may help reduce employee turnover and increase worker productivity.
Tankersley, Jim. "Economic Mobility Hasn’t Changed in a Half-century in America." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 23 Jan. 2014. Web. 20 Apr. 2014.
Work is more than just a way of earning money to pay the bills; it is also a key feature of our culture and provides people with purpose and dignity. Many people define themselves by what they do. Thus, determining the future prospects for the job market in Canada is very important (Watson 2008). For the most part, Canada’s economy has done relatively well during the recent economic crisis, especially when compared to some other nations. However, the economic and technological trends that have driven changes in the workforce in recent years are likely to continue for the near future. These shifting trends will affect Canadian society and its workers in a number of areas, and it is vital that steps be taken to deal with any problems that result.
Over the past few decades, factors such as globalization, de-regulation, credentialism, and technological progress have brought momentous transformations to the economies of the world. Wealth imbalance between countries has contracted, while income inequality within countries has expanded. The demand for highly skilled workers has increased, and so have the salaries for the most successful individuals in society. Less educated people, however, have fared relatively worse. This is quickly attracting the attention of governments of many countries, including Canada.
The Gender Wage Gap According to Lilly Ledbetter, “We sought justice because equal pay for equal work is an American value.” This is how the view should be on the subject of the wage gap between the two genders which could be defined as the difference in earnings between men and women. J.R. Shackleton, “Explaining the Overall Pay Gap,” the gender wage gap is justified for two reasons: women take more time off work than men, and men usually work in unattractive work conditions. These two convincing reasons can justify the wage gap and show why women seem to be maltreated. The first reason Shackleton believes that the gender wage gap is justified is that women ask for more days off work than men.
Conveyed through these comments, former and current United States presidents, Barack Obama and Donald Trump, have contradicting views on how the White House should be run, especially in terms of female salaries. When compared to the former Obama White House, the Trump White House may be perceived as a degeneration of Obama’s. During Obama’s presidency, women working at the White House were paid 89.25 cents per every dollar to men based on the female and male salary medians (Perry; Lopez). This presents a 10.75% wage gap, which is reasonably less than Trump’s current condition of a 36.8% wage gap (Lopez). In addition, Obama displayed his respect towards women and his persistence in closing the gap through speeches and actions. In 2009, Obama
The shortage of skilled workers in the coming decade poses a serious threat to all aspects of the Canadian economy. Like all others, our economy is comprised of three major elements: primary products, secondary goods and services. My research indicates that primary products constitute just over 7% of Canada's GDP, secondary goods account for 21%, and the services comprise 72%. This distribution although heavily in favor of the service industry still shows the importance of the secondary/manufacturing industry in Canada's modern day economy. Taking into fact that since the late nineteenth century, Canada's centre of manufacturing is focused in two provinces, Ontario and Quebec. Consistently, year after year, Ontario contributes about 50% of the Canadian total of manufactured goods produced, measured by value, and Quebec 25%.
In the 21st Century the number of women enrolling in higher education institutions is surpassing the numbers of men enrolled. The graduation rates of women from high school and higher education are most often higher than for men. The number of women graduates from most professional occupations, including higher paying medicine, law and business, will exceed the number of men graduates in the near future. In numerous occupational areas with a majority of women graduates, salaries already surpass salaries in occupational areas with a majority of men graduates.