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Major development within the scientific revolution
The impact of the scientific revolution
Major development within the scientific revolution
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The Mongol Empire was the largest land-based empire in world history during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries C.E. The Mongols protected prominent trade routes in Eurasia such as the Silk Road. This allowed for an increase in interregional trade and brought about the spread of new cultures, ideas, and technologies to Eastern Europe and other regions of the world. Due to this diffusion of technology, at the beginning of the fifteenth century a German inventor by the name of Johannes Gutenberg invented what we know now as the printing press in the Holy Roman Empire. This allowed for the mass-producing of books and papers and helped fuel the new Scientific Revolution’s idea of doubting religions and other previous ideas, accepting only …show more content…
what can be tested and observed. Also, the Italian Renaissance was in the midst of its process in Italy that rebirthed Ancient Greco-Roman philosophies and arts. During this time period many different governments and empires gained control of various regions of Europe. Some of these empires would compete against one another, while some worked together. They all had one common goal, however, and that was to spread religion, gain wealth and glory. These goals sparked a huge advancement in exploration and led to increased trade and many new discoveries. However, the most significant reason for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries C.E. would be the increase in technologies such as the magnetic compass and lateen sail that helped increase the safety and efficiency of maritime journeys. There are an abundance of motives of the European explorers in the era of exploration.
The main desires of these prominent travelers can be broken down into three categories: god, glory and gold. God refers to the desire to spread Christianity. Most of the travelers in this time period wished to influence and gain support for their beloved religion in the new world. A prominent exemplary of this would be that of Hernán Cortés. Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who can be seen as one of largest influencers of bringing Christianity to the new world. Cortés set a precedent for the next generation of explorers, for many future Europeans idled him and also wished to share their beliefs with the new world. Gold and glory explain the desires of the explorers. Most of these men aspired to obtain wealth and new items such as potatoes, tobacco and tomatoes for themselves and their …show more content…
country. Despite these motives, the explorers of this era could not have travelled if they did not acquire the recently developed technologies such as the lateen sail, caravel ship, sternpost and magnetic compass. All of these new developments stemmed from the increase in interregional trade in Eurasia, the primary source being that of the Silk Road that reached from China to the Mediterranean Sea. Also, Europe beheld an increase in the expertise of maritime exploration due to further cartography knowledge and the development of the astrolabe. Europeans desired to explore the new world centuries before this era, however, they were unable to due to the lack of ability to travel the oceans efficiently. But after the diffusion of ideas and technologies on the Silk Road, Europe now had the innovations that they longed for, thus initiating the age of exploration. Exploration had substantial impacts on the new world.
Europeans destructed the natives of the land by employing deadly diseases and forcing them to labor. This brought about warfare and other quarrels, which decreased the population of the local men and women. In addition, Europeans established the Columbian Exchange. This can be seen as an exchange of goods from the old to the new world and vice versa. The old world offered a variety of good including coffee beans, sugar cane and horses, while the new world had potatoes, maize, peanuts and more. The Columbian Exchange impacted both the old and new world by spreading new goods, technologies and diseases. Lastly, another large impact of exploring the Americas would be the transatlantic slave trade. This can be seen as the increase in the global exchange of African slaves in the fifteenth century C.E. and continued through much of history. This slave trade transported about 12.5 million enslaved Africans to the new world. This exchange brought about the death of millions of people and increased warfare and conflict in West
Africa. The age of European exploration is one of the most important events to date. This era of time ensued due to the many passions of European explorers to travel to the new world to do various patriotic things for their country. One of which was to spread their belief of Christianity. These explorers wished to keep away Islam from the new world and wanted to establish Christianity throughout the newly discovered land. They also coveted to win over lucrative items and make their the empire the preeminent exploration country in the world. Nonetheless, exploration could not have been possible without the technologies that spread due to trade from eastern civilizations such as the lateen sail, magnetic compass or the caravel ship. These innovations allowed for Europeans to fulfill their dream of travelling to the new world, diffusing their culture and beliefs to it and acquiring new wealth to bring back to their home.
The Mongols were a group of nomadic people who were known for not only their ferocity in battle but also their tolerance of other cultures. Over the course of their many empires, the Mongols conquered lands from as far as the Korean peninsula to the Islamic civilizations of the Middle East. The movement of the Mongol people into these areas was met with mixed opinions, as members of some societies respected the braveness of the Mongols while others saw them as destructive. According to Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malik Juvaini, 15th century Korean scholars, and Rashid al-Din, the Mongols were a group of tolerant people who attempted to eradicate injustice and corruptness (1,3,4). However, members of other societies viewed the Mongols as coldhearted and merciless because of the damage they dealt in the conquest of Russian cities and the taxes they forced upon their conquered societies (1,2). Nonetheless, some scholars and historians recognized the Mongols power and braveness, but were indifferent with their views of the Mongol civilization.
Their main goal was to come to the New World and spread Christianity, and they were determined to do so. Document 1 explains that from the minute they arrived in the Americas, the Europeans were instilling their religion into the Native people through friendship and gifts. Not to mention, Document 6 states, “missions were built to help spread Christianity.” It also says, “missions and settlements helped spread European languages.” By looking at Latin America today we can see how much the Spanish and Portuguese have helped mold what it is today.
The Columbian Exchange impacted Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans in many ways. Some of the major components of this exchange were plants, animals, and diseases. The Native Americans was impacted because they did not have immune systems capable of handling diseases such as; small pox, the plague, and yellow fever. This resulted in the population of Native Americans being cut by at least 90% over the course of a couple hundred years and making it easier for foreigners to come in and take over. The animal that helped the Native Americans was the horse. It helped them expand and explore places other than agricultural plains like mountains. The Europeans brought back tobacco. Tabaco then lead to many deaths because of its health issues involved with the use. They also got introduced to tomatoes which people thought for a long time was not edible. Africans acquired potatoes and maize, which became a main staple in Africa.
Mongol empire was the largest land empire of the world has ever seen. First began as a nomadic group of tribes. Mongols were united and emerged into an empire that conquered lands stretching from Europe to Central Asia under the rule of Genghis Khan. The Mongol empire was able to succeed in expanding, and conquering was due to their ability to adapt to any living conditions, their sheer brutality force, and their strong military organization.
With this knowledge, most European countries turned their attentions from the East Indies to the New World. The Columbian Exchange that was created when Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean provided a steady connection between Europe and the Americas. Spaniards brought Christianity, iron technology, sailing ships, firearms, wheeled vehicles, and horses to the New World. Europeans also unintentionally brought diseases such as smallpox and measles that killed off many indigenous people, who Columbus inaccurately labelled as “Indians.” The Native Americans introduced the Europeans to miracle crops like corn, potatoes, and tobacco. The Natives spread syphilis to the Europeans who brought it back to Europe. Although the Spanish gained quite a lot of goods and ideas from the Columbian Exchange, they didn’t find the riches they had hoped for. What really provided Spain with the riches they desired and pushed it into the seat of power as the most powerful country in both Europe and the Americas was its conquest of the Aztec Empire and the Incan
The Columbian exchange was one of the largest transfer of goods, human population, and etc between the New and Old world. These goods and other things changed the course of both world as we know it. In the Old World, new crops such as corn and potatoes were brought. These crops are able to stand harsh environment and able to grow in short amount of time. To the New World goods such as wheat, onions, and rice were brought. Also, ideas and technology were introduced to New World. However, The things coming from the Old World were contaminated with diseases that nearly wiped out the natives of New World. The people in from the Old World took advantage of the defenseless natives and enslaved them. The natives were forced into cheap and unfair labor.
“As European adventurers traversed the world in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries they initiated the “Columbian Exchange” of plants, animals, and diseases.”(P. 26). The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases and more modernized technology, beginning after Columbus landing in the Americas in 1492. It lasted through the fifteenth and sixteenth century. Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, sheep and pigs were introduced to the Americas. The Americas introduced to Europe many new crops such as potatoes, beans, squash, and maize. In time Native people learned to raise European livestock and European and Africans planted American crops. This was the positive effect of the encounter and it was largely responsible for the doubling of the world’s population in the next three hundred years. There were also many negative effects to the “Columbian Exchange” A major consequence was the spread of disease in the New World. Diseases carried by Europeans and Africans devastated the population of the Americas. As Europeans traveled through the Americas epidemics came with them. Typhus, diphtheria, malaria, influenza, cholera, and smallpox killed many of the native people. One example was
The European influences to the Native Americans were Europeans carried the new diseases to the Indians. “Europeans were used to these diseases, but Indian people had no resistance to them. Sometimes the illnesses spread through direct contact with colonists. Other times, they were transmitted as Indians traded with one another. The result of this contact with European germs was horrible. Sometimes whole villages perished in a short time” (Kincheloe). Slave trade was another influence to American Indians. Europeans soon realized that they could provide commercial goods such as tools and weapons to some American Indian tribes that would bring them other Indians captured in tribal wars, and these captured Indians were bought and sold as slaves. Therefore, “slavery led to warfare among tribes and too much hardship. Many tribes had to move to escape the slave trade, which destroyed some tribes completely. In time, the practice of enslaving Native peoples ended. However, it had greatly affected American Indians of the South and the Southwest” (Kinchloe). Lastly, Europeans change Native America and African’ roots. Native Americans
The Mongols were also known for their surprise attack which spread to other armies, making it a keen warfare used all around the world. This battle tactic consisted of a group of men who are fighting out on the battlefield and they begin to retreat only to draw the enemy into a trap. The enemy runs into a rain of arrows as the rest of the men are hiding off to the side with loaded weapons, and fierce ground fighters ready for combat. This is one key that the Mongols had to help them conquer Asia. Lastly, the Mongols had a positive impact on the world because they united most of Asia.
The Columbian exchange was the widespread transfer of various products such as animals, plants, and culture between the Americas and Europe. Though most likely unintentional, the byproduct that had the largest impact from this exchange between the old and new world was communicable diseases. Europeans and other immigrants brought a host of diseases with them to America, which killed as much as ninety percent of the native population. Epidemics ravaged both native and nonnative populations of the new world destroying civilizations. The source of these epidemics were due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate medical knowledge- “more die of the practitioner than of the natural course of the disease (Duffy).” These diseases of the new world posed a serious
A small tribe form the grasslands of central asia conquered much of the known world during the 13 century. The barbarians would reinforce their military duties and their political and economic developments which brought them down as well as helping them rise into power by dominating many parts of the world.
Starting in the 15th century, exploration gained momentum throughout the European countries because of the massive amount of resources that the land in the New World provided. In order to make use of these resources, there would have to be a large amount of laborers to do the work. The Europeans refused to do the labor, and the Native American population had decreased due to diseases and war. However, Europeans knew of another approach for cheap labor, the African Slave Trade, which gained demand through the middle of the 15th century. Between 1450 and 1870 over ten million humans were captured and taken from Africa to become slaves. The African slave trade was influenced negatively by the absence of humanitarian concerns because of the need for labor, the increased importance of gaining profit, and assertion of
The Mongols had helpful fast and updated units that could go ahead of the main troops and spy on what lies ahead. These fast, mobile units were also extremely deceiving to enemies who were often lured by their low numbers and pursued to hunt them, only to be surrounded and trapped by the major troops ahead. the Mongols had excellent logistics to allow communication, supplies, and movement across extremely long distances. They used frozen rivers as the communication lines and were able to travel 50 miles in one day. During a battle, they usually elected elevated hills to be the main communication points and used flags as the way to communicate with the troops. The troops were grouped into 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000,
Although the Columbian Exchange allowed for the beneficial exchange of cultures, ideas, foods, and animals around the world during the 1450-1750 time period, it also had a dark side. One detrimental result of the Columbian Exchange would be the spread of smallpox from Europe to the New World. The great explorations and subsequent migrations of Europeans to the Americas in the 15th-18th centuries opened up those entire continents to the fatal impact of the infectious diseases of Europe. European conquests owed a good deal of their success to the effects of disease on the indigenous peoples, especially smallpox in the Americas. Before the Spanish conquest of the New World, there were no sickness or health related issues that Natives were forced to face.
The Columbian exchange was the exchange of slaves, animals, crops, and resources. The Columbian exchange was not as serene and hygienic as explorers and Native American would have liked it. The first reason the Columbian exchange is a significant impact to the European exploration is crops. The east part of the word was growing wheat, barely, rice, and fruit (1). The west of the world was growing potatoes, tomatoes, and fruits (1). The two worlds would trade crops which each other giving the other something they didn’t have. This was not the only things they trade, livestock was also traded. The west part of the world didn’t have a lot of animals and the animals they had weren’t agriculture animals. The animals that Europe sent were horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep (1).The lifestyle of the Native American change when the horses were introduced into their life. The European didn’t send crops and livestock to the new world, they also sent disease. The Europeans sent disease that were nasty, harmful, and very contagious. The European sent disease such as smallpox, Malaria, Diphtheria, and others (1). These diseases were sent to the new world by the ships, people, and especially the pigs. These diseases killed lots of Native American in the New World and was devastating. The Columbian exchange was a great lift for the Europeans because of trade, but not so good for the Native Americans.