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What is culture and what does it mean to me
What is culture and what does it mean to me
What is culture and what does it mean to me
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There are a multitude of understandings and interpretations of the concept culture. A common definition may be a, “cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving”(Hofstede). An explanation that may be used to discuss the culture of the Middle Ages. Furthermore, it may be used to examine the changes in key aspects, such as, religion, gender roles, and social norms during the time period of approximately the 500s to the 1500s. Religion is among one of the aspects that defines culture. This was a key concept for those living in the Middle Ages, whose lives were dominated by religion. More specifically, those in high positions of the church dominated their lives because the church provided a unified culture, or belief system. In fact, in the Early Middle Ages, rulers needed the support of the church to legitimize their rule. This was the case for Charlemagne, who united much of Western Europe and converted his subjects to Christianity. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans in 800(History). “The assumption of the title of emperor of Charlemagne in …show more content…
Aspects such as religion, social phases, and gender roles, may be used to witness this alteration. The papacy, while was once supreme, was not as influential as time increased due to the rise of institutions and secular thought. Additionally, while it was once custom to have a rigid class structure, with the move to cities, individuals are more likely able to change their stars. Finally, gender roles changed when women began making strides for equality. These changes led to the foundation of the modern world, this time period was
Einhard, in his The Life of Charlemagne, makes clear the fundamental integration of politics and religion during the reign of his king. Throughout his life, Charles the Great endeavored to acquire and use religious power to his desired ends. But, if Charlemagne was the premiere monarch of the western world, why was religious sanction and influence necessary to achieve his goals? In an age when military power was the primary means of expanding one's empire, why did the most powerful military force in Europe go to such great lengths to ensure a benevolent relationship with the church? One possibility may be found in the tremendous social and political influence of Rome and her papacy upon the whole of the continent. Rather than a force to be opposed, Charlemagne viewed the church as a potential source of political power to be gained through negotiation and alliance. The relationship was one of great symbiosis, and both componants not only survived but prospered to eventually dominate western Europe. For the King of the Franks, the church provided the means to accomplish the expansion and reformation of his empire. For the Holy Roman Church, Charles provided protection from invaders and new possibilities for missionary work.
...become great and victorious. There is the concept of how everything that Charlemagne did was for his enemies to be converted to Christianity and nothing else. Through the different interpretations, the argument for religious motives was the strongest. Charlemagne used military tactics in a misguided attempt to further the kingdom of God.
Charlemagne’s reign before his death was also an important event in the shaping of Europe. Charlemagne (768 -814) also known as “Charles the Great” would raid Italy and capture the Lombard crown adding Northern Italy in 774. He would fight the Saxon’s for over thirty years expanding his territory along the way. The emperor would aggressively convert foreigners after conquering their territory into Christianity. By 800, he extended his territory into the Western and Central regions of Europe. The Carolingian King would create institutions that would mirror the old Roman Empire and set up districts under an appointed authority called a “count” similar to a modern governor.
Charlemagne reorganized the economy of his empire. He standardized tolls and customs dues as well as weights and measures and he did anything he could do to improve the commerce there. The principal significance of Charlemagne's empire was that it united the Christian lands of western Europe and firmly established the power of the church. He was initiated as the ruler of the "Holy Roman Empire" by the Pope, giving credence to the power of the Church, and setting the stage for the Church to become a huge part of Western
Charlemagne Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, became the undisputed ruler of Western Europe, “By the sword and the cross.” (Compton’s 346) As Western Europe was deteriorating Charlemagne was crowned the privilege of being joint king of the Franks in 768 A.D. People of Western Europe, excluding the church followers, had all but forgotten the great gifts of education and arts that they had possessed at one time. Charlemagne solidly defeated barbarians and kings in identical fashion during his reign. Using the re-establishment of education and order, Charlemagne was able to save many political rights and restore culture in Western Europe.
...e had so far. The Church found that learning and culture was very important in spreading the beliefs of God. They wanted several people to start earning an education, so civilians could read the books that were related to cultural beliefs. These three traditions have impacted the Middle Ages during Charlemagne’s reign. He incorporated these studies from other cultures into his way of governing the country. His court and the Church were led by using these standards, which proves the equal balance of these two groups. The Western culture has changed in many ways, however, Charlemagne’s influence has not stopped becoming an impact throughout this culture and many more.
With the decline of the Western Roman empire Western Europe was a disjointed land that had no true unifying structure till the rise of Christianity. In Roman antiquity people used the State or empire of Rome to define themselves and give them a sense of unity despite having a diverse group of people within the empire. When Western Rome fell this belief based on a Roman cultural identity disappeared and no longer were people able to identify themselves with any particular group as they once have. The Christian religion was able to fill this vacuum by having the people associate themselves to a religion instead of a given state or cultural group. During Medieval Europe Christianity became the unifying force that would define what it meant to be European. Christianity gave political leaders legitimacy by showing that they have been favored by the gods. The clergyman that recorded the histories surrounding the kings of the Medieval Europe also provided a link to the Roman Empire to give the Kings a link to Roman empire of antiquity. Christianity became the center of the cultural life in western Europe and created a new social elite in Europe which would dominate literacy and knowledge within Europe for centuries. Christianity provided Europe with an escape from the disorder of the Medieval ages and give them a spiritual outlet for their fears and desires for a better life, whether in the physical life or in the spiritual world after death.
Charlemagne, or Charles the Great, reigned during a time of much turmoil and upheaval in Europe during middle ages. Charlemagne’s background and family history contributed much to his rise to power. The triumphs of his past lineage prepared him to take on the task of governing the Frankish Empire, and defending it from invaders. Charlemagne accomplished much during his supremacy. He not only brought education back into medieval Europe, but also invented an efficient way to govern his people. His conquests against the many adversaries of the Holy Roman Empire expanded his empire across the majority of Europe. His conquests also formed strong ties between the Catholic Church and the State. Charlemagne’s drive to convert Europe’s primitive and pagan tribes to Christianity nearly effaced the Saxons, whom he battled with for the majority of his reign. The crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor created a turning point in history. Within years after his death, however, his once great empire amounted to nothing. Charlemagne’s reign as King of the Franks and as Holy Roman Emperor greatly influenced the course of Europe during the middle ages.
...n, Charlemagne otherwise called Karl and Charles the Great, was a medieval ruler who controlled much of Western Europe. Charlemagne became the king of Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and western Germany. He left determined to unite all Germanic people groups into one kingdom, and believer his subjects to Christianity. A gifted military strategist, he used much of his rule occupied with warfare keeping in mind the end goal to perform his objectives. Pope Leo III delegated Charlemagne head of the Romans. In this part, he supported the Carolingian Renaissance, a social and erudite restoration in Europe. When he passed on, Charlemagne's domain included much of Western Europe, and he had likewise guaranteed the survival of Christianity in the West. Today, Charlemagne is alluded to by a few as the father of Europe.
Charlemagne began his unification of Christianity by establishing orthodoxy through ecclesiastic synodi.5 Before Charlemagne was born, the Frankish church had not held a council for over 80 years.6 In the period of 80 years, churches began to drift apart in their common practices, creating disunity among the Frankish ...
Western Culture stemmed from a fusion of various civilizations. The Greek and the Roman civilizations had some of the biggest impact on the development of the ancient world. What was different about these societies from other cultures within the ancient civilizations was their political and religious systems. Through expansion by principal leaders, influence of literature, architecture, and mindset, the Greeks and Romans spread their culture across that of the Western world.
Shawna Herzog, History 101-1, Class Lecture: 11.2 Society in the Middle Ages, 27 March 2014.
The Western culture has evolved over a span of several years with various civilizations specializing in specific aspects of life or nature. In essence, Western civilization dates back to the BCE periods when Ancient Greece, Mesopotamia, and Ancient Rome reigned. Each of the Western civilizations came with a clear lineage that portrayed such attributes as property rights, free market economy, competition, personal freedoms, and innovation (Perry, 2013). Besides, the western civilizations came at different periods with some of the attributes evolving or remaining unchanged throughout the lineage. However, the non-western civilizations contributed towards such attributes to a given extent, primarily because of the interactions among
William Butler Yeats stated that, “Supreme are is a traditional statement of certain heroic and religious truths, passed on from age to age….” When he said this, he is most definitely talking about the Anglo-Saxon era and their style of writing. The Anglo-Saxons were very into warriors and heroes and how heir stories are handed down from generation to generation. When these stories were written down, monks wrote them down. The monks then added parts about God and the heavens, and about all the religious facts they could. Thus mixing the warrior and heroic mentality with the religious faith of the Christians.
Barraclough writes in his research that the Franks spread the notion of a Christian Empire as a unifying force in Europe. The imperial power remained inserted in Carolingian conceptions. The empire claimed to represent Europe and to be a Christian Empire. Delanty agreed and wrote about the fact that the Frankish kingdom was very important for the formation of the medieval Christendom later in history and it reflected the Christian move from the Mediterranean to the North of Europe. As Tierney and Painter mentioned, the coronation of Charlemagne created the symbol for several centuries of unity in western Europe. It symbolized an ordered western Christian society, totally different from the Byzantine or from the Islamic civilizations. With his coronation, Charlemagne's Empire became associated to Christianity. This combination produced a political and cultural identity for Europe, for many centuries. It gave to Europe a civilizational unity. The papacy became the centre of gravity of Europe again. According to Rietbergen, Charlemagne used his predecessors tradition of authority and reviewed them. That's how he established Christianity among all the lands he conquered. The Carolingian empire by spreading Roman Christianity became "a transcontinental church". Northern and central Europe adopted the common Christian ideology which at the time was presented as an universal one. It helped the Papacy to create a common history that according to them was needed. Even Eastern Europe was part of the Christian culture, which under Charlemagne's reign meant that it was part of the European culture. Palmer and Colton, said that, later, in Christian countries people came together within the spreading system of the Latin church. While Tierney and Painter agreed on the fact that Charlemagne forced conquered people to become