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Vygotsky's zone of proximal development
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development
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In this chapter there is one main idea. The main idea is that there are nine additional parameters of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) that are situationally appropriate. The key concepts for the second half of this chapter are the situation or event specific parameters identified by the authors. Herein each of the parameters will be identified and a possible classroom connection will be noted. In addition, a brief correlation to traditional and contemporary learning theories will be identified.
The first parameter identified is the mediation of a feeling of competence. The authors indicate that this parameter is important because many of the human experiences we are apart of do not allow for many instances of feeling competent. Therefore, a mediator with the intent to create a meaningful moment for the student where they feel competence in their ability is one way the mediation of a feeling of competence. The other way is mediation with the intent to expand upon existent feeling of competence. In the classroom, these experiences are valuable to the learner in building their identity as a learner. A student who experiences the feeling of competence often could develop confidence as a learner and can learn to take control of their learning experiences. This parameter leads into the criteria of mediation of challenge in that as a learner becomes confident in their abilities through experiences of feeling competent, the learner then can be challenged and seeks challenge in their learning as well.
The mediation of challenge is a parameter that describes how the mediator would bring new experiences, novel ideas, and the potentially difficult into the realm of the learner. Challenge is the search for the next level; it i...
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...re are several other parameters that may be present though not all must be. The latter parameters that were defined were identified as situationally based to define the particulars of a MLE event as it may be used for each described mediated outcome. It was clear that all of the later criterion were not necessary for a MLE to occur, yet each may be found appropriate at times to use in a classroom setting. Also, although this theory is unique and regards learning in terms of modifiability, the concept of the mediator can be compared to that of Vygotsky’s (2011) MKO.
Works Cited
Feuerstein, R., Falik, L., & Rand, Y. (2006). Chapter 3: The Theory of Mediated Learning Experience. Creating and Enhancing Cognitive Modifiability. ICELP Publications. Pgs. 55-100.
Vygotsky in Ormrod. (2011). Educational Psychology: Developing Learners. Seventh Edition. Pg. 53.
As a learning provider it is essential that I have the ability to meet the requirements of someone who is deemed as a learner. Many of us know that people are different and receive information in several different ways. It is also ideal to become aware of what motivates a learner to understand the information which is being delivered to them in the classroom. As learning providers we cannot make the assumption that everybody learns in the same way because if that were the case we would soon find that the learners will only have the ability to remember certain parts of the information that they most relate to. This would result in the learners being unsuccessful in the class room. For example the VARK method from Neil Flemings (1987) theory, this shows that learners can take information in, in different ways.
SUCCEED draws primarily on the cognitive and constructivist learning theories. The cognitive learning theory espouses that the human mind is complex in nature and must be the central focus of any learning model. According to Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2010), “Mental processes such as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored” in order for educators to best address learning needs. According to this theory, learners are like a computer. New information serves as the input, the brain processes the information, and the output is observable behavior that results from new understanding. It is important to note that behavioral outcomes are not the result of stimuli, but rather the mental processes that take place within the brain. These processes make information meaningful by relating it to prior knowledge, organizing it, and s...
Teachers continually learn about ways people learn – the processes of learning and how individuals learn best. They learn about their students and individuals, and learn with as well as from their students when they seek knowledge together. (Principles of effective learning and teaching, 1994). Through continually discovering new and exciting ways to help mould a constructivist classroom, the students will be able to achieve their outcomes with great ease and learn to enjoy education.
This essay will outline two theories of learning in-depth and will mention the differences between Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget’s theory of learning. This essay will also indicate and explain the implications for teaching and learning that can be drawn from Vygotsky’s theory of learning. Learning theories are frameworks that describe how information is absorbed, processed and retained during learning. These are cognitive, emotional, environmental influences. Educators that embrace cognitive theory believe that “learning as a change in behaviour is far too narrow” so they prefer to study the learner rather than their environment. Those who support constructivism believe that “a learner’s ability to learn relies to a large extent of what he
What I learned from the artifact and course experience that I will use in my professional work is methods to help enhance student learning. I have learned by possessing certain dispositions, a culture can be built that increases student achievement. By allowing students to control their learning through inquiry learning, deeper meaningful learning can be achieved. I have learned strategies to create a 21st Century learning environment where students are encouraged to facilitate their own learning by collaborating with others beyond the school walls and participating in a learning community. It is important to provide resources and opportunities that meet the learning needs of all students so that they are better able to solve
The teacher must mediate and facilitate opportunities for students to decide what they need to know and what tools to build and promote the exercise of strategies to achieve this.
Krause, K, Bochner, S, Duchesne, S & McNaugh, A 2010, Educational Psychology: for learning & teaching, 3rd edn, Cengage Learning Australia, Victoria
The article “Learning: A Momentary Stay Against Confusion” by Abigail Lipson tackles the process of learning by analyzing the learning path that passes through “clarity” and “confusion”. Lipson uses examples from her personal experience, diagrams and quotations from professional sources to examine the topic and reach a conclusion on the effects of clarity and confusion in our learning experience in life. She defines clarity as the phase in which we are sure of our knowledge. As a result we feel comfortable with it and tend to choose it over confusion (11). Confusion phase, on the other hand, is when we encounter new and challenging material and we feel less confident and comfortable with ourselves (11). In the end of the article, Lipson
In a social constructivist view on learning the brain is a complex, flexible, ever changing organism that reshapes itself in response to challenge (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). Constructivism view is that knowledge is obtained and understood through a student’s mental framework (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). Learning is not a passive process but it is a deliberate and progressive process that deepens meaning (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). The student does not only reply on a teachers lectures but also on their interactions with the environment around them (Abbott & Ryan, 2001). In this view it is important that the teacher sees the student as the centre of teaching endeavours, by assisting them to obtain information they can integrate into their already known knowledge. There are many ways that a teacher can assist their students, one example is Scaffolding. Scaffolding is where a teacher provides students with just enough help in order to complete the tasks themselves, then over time decreasing the amount of help so that a student can master this themselves.
• Imagining: Students need to develop fluent responses to problem to predict the final solution and its effects, in order to visualize and speculate on their solutions. Besides they need to trust their judgments and decisions.
In order to understand and gain knowledge, learning theories stress the importance of creating a relationship between all pieces of information, the learner, and the environment. It is the responsibility of both the teacher and the learner to link the appropriate information together. If students can develop a relationship for the "underlying reasons for ‘how’ and ‘why’ to use specific procedures, they will be able to store this information as part of their knowledge network," and develop links with other pieces of information (Gersten and Baker, 1998, p.24). On the contrary, if learners learn facts of information that are isolated from a meaningful context, their understanding is often incomplete and meaningless. As a result of these linked relationships between individuals and environments, knowledge is the prevailing outcome. In summary, "knowledge is situated, being in part a product of the activity, context, and culture in which it is developed and used (Brown, Collins, and Duguid, 1989, p.32).
Primary characteristics, such as age, gender, and ethnicity, and secondary characteristics, such as occupation, income, and marital status, can have implications on a student’s persistence. Most online learners are married and work full-time, making time management crucial as they juggle between their family, work, and school responsibilities.
... to interchange ideas and clarify doubts or issues I have. I have to contain myself for doing the most of the speaking in some of the classes, overcome laziness to analyze how well or bad an activity or class turned out and think of better ways to do things when they did not work as I thought they will . To conclude I am aware that the only responsible of my learning is me. “Teacher training or education is something that can be managed by others; Teacher development is something that can be done only by and for oneself” Wallace, 1991.
Tutoring has always been a task I have thought of with both alacrity and apprehension. On one hand, I have the desire to help anyone who is struggling with whatever they may be doing, yet especially when it comes to academics. On the other, however, I do need to develop better skills of patience and other methods of reaching an idea to those who may not understand the way it is taught to them. Along with the student’s development of skills in the subject, I too develop my own abilities of tenacity and persistence until one is confident in his abilities on his own.