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How women are portrayed in mass media
What does the media do to women's self image
How women are portrayed in mass media
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Annotated Bibliography
Brit, Harper, and Marika Tiggemann. "The Effect of Thin Ideal Media Images on Women's Self-Objectification, Mood,and Body Image." Sex Roles 58.9/10 (2008): 649-657. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Oct. 2013.
This article examined the effect of media’s glorification of the thin ideal on women as self-objectification. The factors which triggered the beginning of the self-objectification were also stated as the woman’ emotional state and personality. Then the article discussed the experiment done, which compared the effect of intensive exposure of thin models magazines and magazines advertising products without people. Additionally, the author offered detailed description of how those effects, self-objectification, appearance anxiety, negative mood and body dissatisfaction, were measured. In the last section, the author illustrated the results, which showed that the group exposed to thin-idealized models scored higher number in all the previously-stated measures compared to the group exposed to products’ images.
Concerning the author, she has several publications related to body image and media’s effects. Furthermore, she is a psychology professor at Flinders University. The article’s content was well- written with a scholarly style. Moreover, there was a detailed explanation of the concepts used in the experiment, which made it easier to understand the analysis of the experiment’s results. The source is highly specific and relevant to the article’s topic. This source is beneficial for my paper’s argument that examines the effects of media images of women. It’s similar to my other sources since the experiment is basically the core of the article.
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...ng-term effects of such videos.
Burgess has multiple publications related to the effect of stereotypes in music videos. She is a psychology professor at Southwestern Oklahoma State University, which shows her solid background information about humans’ reactions, behavior, and attitudes. The article’s language is scholarly and academic, which helps the viewers in easily understanding the material. In addition, the article is highly organized with a clear and systemized presentation of the information gathered. All references were properly cited. Thus, there was a proper confirmation for the authors’ assertions. This source is highly relevant to my thesis since it directly examines the effects of media’s portrayal on promoting violence against women. It is distinguished from other sources because it tests the exposure effects by multiple criteria.
Wykes, Maggie, and Barrie Gunter. The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. London: SAGE, 2005. Print.
Self-objectification leads to body dissatisfaction which is recognized through the constant evaluation and criticizing of one’s and others size, shape, and weight and diminishes woman’s sexual health through the hypersexualization and sexual objectification of the female body. I argue that self-objectification is a social problem that instills in body dissatisfaction from the perpetuation of the thin white female image in the media.
Hargreaves, D.A., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Female "thin ideal" media images and boys' attitudes toward girls. Sex roles, 49(9/10), 539-544.
Yamamiya, Y., Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., Posavac, H. D., & Posavac, S. S. (2005). Women's exposure to thin-and-beautiful media images: Body image effects of media-ideal internalization and impact-reduction interventions. Body image, 2(1), 74-80.
Media is a wide term that covers many information sources including, television, movies, advertisement, books, magazines, and the internet. It is from this wide variety of information that women receive cues about how they should look. The accepted body shape and has been an issue affecting the population probably since the invention of mirrors but the invention of mass media spread it even further. Advertisements have been a particularly potent media influence on women’s body image, which is the subjective idea of one's own physical appearance established by observation and by noting the reactions of others. In the case of media, it acts as a super peer that reflects the ideals of a whole society. Think of all the corsets, girdles, cosmetics, hair straighteners, hair curlers, weight gain pills, and diet pills that have been marketed over the years. The attack on the female form is a marketing technique for certain industries. According to Sharlene Nag...
Nio, T. (2003). Cultivation and social comparison of the thin-ideal syndrome: The effects of media exposure on body image disturbance and the state self-esteem of college women. School of Journalism in the Graduate Scho, 105-113.
Since the explosion of music videos in 1981, a large portion of their popularity has been due to the objectification of women and their sexuality. “Early content analyses showed that anywhere from 40% to 75% of music videos contained sexual imagery”(Arnett, 2002). Hip-hop music videos especially have a reputation of degrading women. In these videos “women are often depicted in positions of submission to men” (Sommers-Flanagan, 1993).On the flip-side Country music videos are “known for [their] socially conservative themes”(Frisby & Aubrey, 2012).
The sociocultural approach to the issue of body image among women states that women receive harmful and negative cultural messages about their bodies. These messages can come from the media as well as from family and peer influences (Swami, 2015). By promoting the thin ideal for attractiveness, the media contributes to women rating their bodies more negatively and thus increases their likelihood of developing eating disorder symptoms (Spitzer, Henderson & Zivian, 1999). In a meta-analysis studying the effects of media images on female body image, Groesz and Levine (2002) found that women’s body image was significantly more negative after viewing thin media images than after viewing average or plus size models. Harmful body messages from family can be direct, such as verbal criticism or teasing, or in...
There are three variables that affect the body image one perceives about themselves, the first according to Thompson and Stice is “internalization if the thin-deal, that is, the endorsement of the media-prescribed ideal as part of one’s own personal belief system” (Thompson & Stice qtd. in Ashikali et al. 143). (Alvarez 4)
The effects of objectifying women in music videos are entirely negative. Women grow up with the idea that they should always seek to attain a men’s attention. Hip-hop music videos do not represent females as the human beings that they really are. This creates an inequality o...
Dittmar, Helga. "How Do "body Perfect" Ideals in the Media Have a Negative Impact on Body Image and Behaviors? Factors and Processes Related to Self and Identity." : Sussex Research Online. N.p, 6 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
One of the most noteworthy features of modern music videos is the portrayal of gender according to the worldviews, experiences, and expectations of the music artistes, or in line with gender stereotypes associated with specific music genres (Conrad, Dixon, & Zhang, 2009). In this regard, this paper attempts a critical interrogation of gender representations in music videos, specifically in terms of how women and men are represented in music videos of artistes in the Hip Hop genre. In doing so, this paper seeks to determine the stereotypes that underpin gender portrayal in hip hop music videos, contextualize the factors that may be responsible for the propagation of such stereotypes in music videos, and explore the implications for audiences – particularly teenagers and young adults who constitute much of the fan-base for the hip hop music genre.
Nio, T. (2003). Cultivation and social comparison of the thin-ideal syndrome: The effects of media exposure on body image disturbance and the state self-esteem of college women. School of Journalism in the Graduate Scho, 105-113.
Tiggemann, Marika. "Volume 58." The Effect of Thin Ideal Media Images on Women's Self-Objectification, Mood, and Body Image. By Brit Harper. Vol. 58. N.p.: Springer Science + Business Media, 2007. N. pag. Print.
Through analyzing popular music content, researchers at the University of California in Santa Cruz and the University of Wisconsin in Madison found that 90% of music videos feature women in sexually objectifying sequences (Grabe & Hyde 2843). In addition, researchers found a linkage between music video viewing and “traditional gender-role attitudes and a stronger acceptance of women as sexual objects” (Grabe & Hyde 2843). By categorizing music videos into genres to analyze, research at the University of Missouri found that R&B/hip-hop, pop and country music videos featured sexually objectifying sequences most prominently, respectively (Aubrey & Frisby 475). Each genre used different visuals that aligned with its genre norms, however, every example conveyed the same resounding message of sexism. For example, R&B singer R. Kelly’s 2013 music video for his song “Cookie” features the singer in a mansion filled with women dressed in skimpy, lingerie-esque versions of maid costumes.