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Psychological Perspectives
Major psychological perspectives
Key aspects of psychological perspectives
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Theories sections According George & Jones (2005) organizational behavior is the study that may impact the human and group behavior on many factors to help the management understanding of key concepts on predict and influence in order to improve the employee performance on difference. Being any change of the organizations mission or structure will also affect its organizational behavior. Identify and understanding different culture, age, sex is particularly important to management how its play a part in the workplace. Setting an effective communicate channel to deal with difference kind of questions is also imperative. The word “motivation” is came from Latin “movere” and defined that a reason that giving someone to do something. …show more content…
Belongingness needs;
4. Esteem needs; and
5. Self-actualization needs Nowadays, the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is often present with a pyramid, the more basic needs at the bottom. Maslow argued that an effective motivation is accomplished by satisfying lower level of need to raising up to a higher hierarchy. Individual growth is an intrinsic motivation, when one of the above needs becomes satisfied, the next need can be turned. Physiological needs are most basic needs for human survival like air, water, food and it is the most important need for human being should be met first otherwise the human being will not function and die afterwards. Safety needs including personal safety, stability and freedom from suffering life threatening or disease, with family and have their own property. If they feel threatened around, they will think everything is dangerous, and become tense, uneasy. For example: A worker does not work well and earn meager salary to feed their families and become self-esteem, daily use of alcohol, smoking, looking for short-term sense of
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Even this theory is based on Maslow’s hierarchy of need but very different approval. Hertzberg divides the needs in hygiene factors and motivators. Quality of supervision, salary, company policies, job security and interpersonal relations which are conditions surrounding the job will consider at hygiene factors. However it only help to avoid or change employee dissatisfaction. For example, even the administration is good and fair or very poor, working location, working time, salary increment will only changes the level of dissatisfaction of the employee
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that includes a five level pyramid of basic human
Have you ever thought about how people become motivated to do things? Maybe you even wonder what motivation really is. Motivation is the desire to do things. Motivation creates a drive that pushes a person close to their breaking point and beyond. It helps an individual reach goals that some couldn’t even imagine of doing. But have you ever truly thought about what motivates people. What really gives people that drive? What empowers people to reach their aspirations? If so you are not alone, a ton of people has thought about what it is the gives people such a drive. Including American psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow has created a psychological advanced thinking on what he think inspires people to do such gargantuan complex things. Maslow made a theory, which states that people fulfill needs in stages or levels in life. There are five stages that are divided into basic needs, such as safety, love, and esteem, and growth needs like self-actualization.
Alderfer, C. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 4, pp. 142 - 175.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
People have long considered general theories of motivation, and the question regarding the specific motives that direct and energize our human behavior has undergone tremendous speculation. To this day the question still stands: what is it that humans seek most in life? In an effort to answer this question, Abraham Maslow proposed what he called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorizes that human beings are motivated to fulfill this hierarchy, which consists of needs ranging from those that are basic for survival up to those that promote growth and self-enhancement (Kassin 300).
Physiological needs are at the bottom of the pyramid and is broken down into many different parts. A person’s most basic need for survival is physical survival and once that level has been achieved you gradually go upwards on the pyramid. Physiological needs are broken down into
Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled, a person seeks to fulfil the next one, and so on. The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
According to Robbins et al; (Robbins et al, pg 296) motivation refers to the process by which a persons efforts are energized, sustained, and directed towards a goal. This definition has three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence. Motivation is a complex and important subject, has historically been given a great deal of attention by Psychologists, who have proposed theories to explain it. (Riggio, pg 188),
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,
A person’s behavior at one specific point in time usually controls their attitude at that time. Managers must be able to understand these basic needs of their workers. If these needs are not dealt with in a certain correct way than workers will not reach their maximum potential. If the lower order of needs is not met than people are not happy. The same can be said of the higher order.
Organizational behavior is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel, and respond to work and organizations and how organizations respond to their environments. (George & Jones, 2005) Organizational behavior is particularly important to managers, who are responsible for supervising the activities of one of more employees.
...n highly repetitive tasks which could lead to boredom and employees feeling like machinery. Third, Taylor and Weber’s systems ignored employee relationships and group dynamics which play some role in employee happiness. Both Taylor and Weber’s systems reduced worker discretion, flexibility, and motivation. Neither believed that specific employees were essential to efficiency and effectiveness and dehumanized the workers.
Researching the Hierarchy of needs pyramid this is was done because he wanted to understand what motivates people. What was believed was that people take a set of motivation system unrelated to rewards and unconscious desires. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is met a person seeks to fulfill the next one and so on. http://www.simplypsychology.org, 2007-2014 . With the Maslow hierarchy of needs it starts at the bottom and work its way up to the top. One must fulfill lower lever basic needs before
¡§Motivation¡¨ derives from the Latin verb ¡§movere¡¨ which means ¡§to move¡¨. Beck (2004, p.3) defined Motivation as an internal state which is the driving force that activates behaviour or gives directions to thoughts, feelings and actions of an organism.
There are many different ways of interpretation of the concept of motivation. To define motivation in general I relied on Oxford Dictionary (2017): “A reason or